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101.
The carrying capacity imperative: Assessing regional carrying capacity methodologies for sustainable land-use planning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
While some existing carrying capacity methodologies offer significant insights into the assessment of population carrying capacities, a comprehensive model is yet to be developed. This research identifies, examines and compares a range of methodological approaches to carrying capacity assessment and considers their relevance to future spatial planning. A range of key criteria are employed to compare various existing carrying capacity assessment models. These criteria include integrated systems analysis, dynamic responses, levels of risk, systemic constraints, applicability to future planning and the consideration of regional boundary delineation. It is suggested that by combining successful components from various authors, and collecting a range of interconnected data, a practical and workable system-based model may be achievable in the future. 相似文献
102.
Donna Kelley 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2009,26(5):487-501
This research examines how established companies organize programs for fostering technology‐based radical innovation. It addresses conflicts revealed in the innovation literature concerning the appropriate design of the strategic, structural, and process components of these programs. In developing innovation strategies, managers must balance the desire for strategic clarity with the need to allow for creativity and exploration. They must structure programs that ensure innovations benefit from the organization's resources while minimizing the numerous constraints that can impede these unconventional activities. Additionally, though they may favor management processes that provide accountability and effective resource allocation, managers must also ensure these do not restrict the flexibility required for successful innovation. The study is a longitudinal, comparative case analysis of interviews with managers involved in innovation programs in 12 industry‐leading multinational corporations. Site visits at each company were followed by biannual interviews with key managers in each company. A total of 81 follow‐up interviews were conducted over a three‐year period. These interviews were aimed at identifying the changes and progress in the programs over time and internal and external impacts on the organization's innovation activity. The analysis reveals (1) distinct but evolving objectives that maintain a logical strategic connection, (2) adaptive structures that shift and transform but preserve relationships with the broader organization, and (3) flexible processes that are understandable beyond the innovation program and are modifiable, both for the context and in response to learning over time. This suggests that programs introducing high uncertainty and risk into mature corporate environments are highly flexible systems that maintain organizational connectedness as they evolve. For academics, this implies a need to understand the evolution of innovation programs as an adaptive learning process that, regardless of form and purpose, preserves its connection to the traditional organization. For practitioners, it highlights the importance of considering the process, strategic, and structural connections to the broader organization when designing innovation programs and suggests the need for feedback mechanisms to help adapt these elements over time. 相似文献
103.
104.
We find short interest‐related mispricing is strongest in lottery stocks. As stocks become more lottery‐like, arbitrage risk increases, resulting in higher overpricing (underpricing) in high (low) relative short interest (RSI) stocks. Monthly portfolio alphas are –1.61% for high RSI lottery stocks, whereas high RSI stocks with the least lottery‐like attributes show statistically insignificant alphas. Among lightly shorted stocks, lottery securities exhibit monthly alphas of 1.80%. Thus, although lottery stocks as a group typically underperform, investors can earn positive abnormal returns in lightly shorted lottery stocks. Our results suggest that lottery stocks’ greater noise trader risk and higher transactions costs impedes arbitrage in short interest‐related mispricing. 相似文献
105.
From the outset, proponents of sustainable tourism have, consciously or not, set great store by interpretation, and gradually the linkages between sustainable tourism and interpretation have begun to be developed. This discussion examines the potential benefits of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism and assesses a number of the pitfalls or difficulties which are involved. The potential benefits include improved visitor management, local economic and environmental gains and fuller community involvement. Among the several pitfalls of linking interpretation and sustainable tourism which are considered are the dangers of over-interpretation, intrusion, creating ‘quaint’ tourist landscapes, and those of elitism. 相似文献
106.
While both the innovation literature and the dynamic capabilities perspective identify loose processes as most appropriate for high uncertainty domains, this produces little reassurance to organizations seeking to improve their ability to commercialize innovations. This paper takes the position that practices for managing innovation project leaders are a key component of an organization's dynamic capabilities for innovation. Our comparative case analysis of divisions of two established Korean organizations suggests that managerial practices include the deployment of entrepreneurial resources having particular skills, characteristics, and motivation. In addition, we identify the relational and decision support roles of managers. 相似文献
107.
David A. Lane 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》1993,3(3):177-197
This paper continues the discussion of artificial worlds (AWs) begun in Lane (1993b). Here, the focus is on two kinds of AWs. The first, classifier systems, can be used to represent agents that are capable of generating complex behaviors in response to intermittent rewards from an environment of which they are a part. A collection of such agents, engaging in economic interactions with one another, produces another kind of AW, in which such interesting aggregate behaviors as the formation of bubbles and crashes and technical trading in an artificial stock market, may arise. The second kind of AW considered in this paper is artificial economies. These AWs can provide a dynamic, nonequilibrium, microfounded account of such aggregate-level or macroeconomic phenomena as stable growth paths, business cycles, and Pareto firm-size distributions. 相似文献
108.
Eric Blankmeyer James P. LeSage J. R. Stutzman Kris Joseph Knox R. Kelley Pace 《Managerial and Decision Economics》2011,32(2):91-104
Although salary benchmarking is widely used to help set compensation, there has been a lack of attention to the statistical implications of this practice on compensation patterns of peer institutions. We adapt some empirical tools from spatial econometrics to analyze compensation decisions exhibiting peer‐group dependence, and apply the methods to compensation of administrators in Texas nursing facilities. We find evidence that this leads to dependence of administrators pay on average pay of administrators in ‘peer’ facilities, defined here as those having similar outlays on nursing services. This leads to a situation where changes in facility characteristics, such as the occupancy rate and the revenue received from Medicaid and from private‐pay residents, impact compensation of own‐institution administrators as well as that of administrators from other peer facilities. Our peer‐group model appears applicable to other areas of organizational, regulatory and behavioral research and can easily be implemented using publicly available software. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
109.
Professors Hansen and Kelley suggest practical guidelines for implementing course evaluation systems, drawing upon their experience at the University of Wisconsin. They develop a model to conceptualize course evaluations in the context of the professor's decision-making framework, focusing upon the allocation of time between teaching and research. Costs and benefits associated with collecting evaluations are considered, and ways of minimizing the former and maximizing the latter are suggested. 相似文献
110.
The relationship between recent gasoline price fluctuations and transit ridership in major US cities
Bradley W. Lane 《Journal of Transport Geography》2010,18(2):214-225
The unprecedented increase in gasoline costs between August 2005 and July 2008 has become a major public issue in the US. Of the contentions and potential solutions surrounding higher gasoline costs, one receiving relatively little attention has been the role of public transit. This research examines that question by analyzing the relationship between gasoline prices and transit ridership from January 2002 to April 2008 in nine major US cities. Regression analysis is used to assess the degree to which variability in rail and bus transit ridership is attributable to gasoline costs and fluctuations in gasoline cost, controlling for service changes, seasonality, and inherent trending. The results indicate that a small but statistically significant amount of ridership fluctuation is due to changes in gasoline prices. The results are discussed in light of the policy and practical implications of higher gasoline prices for mass transit and the potential for long term changes in US travel behavior. 相似文献