Centralisation is no Solution

Although the US structure of government encourages the activity of presure groups more than in the UK, argues Rosalind Levaćić of the Open University, orchestrated campaigns to put pressure on government have spread in Britain, especially in education and health, where they will now prevent direct central government control of resources from being as effective as decentralising control to individual consumers/voters.     

A Market Policy for Socialists?

Socialists ought to welcome the efficiency and freedom of choice that markets bring, and be wary of the deficiencies of the state, according to lan Forbes, lecturer in Politics at Southampton University. But the freedom of choice claimed by the 'New Right' thinkers for their economic system would itself be attenuated by the operation of markets. Market socialism thus requires an institutional pluralism of both market and non-market elements.     

‘Thatcherism’ without Thatcher?

Have Mrs Thatcher's more radicol policies prepared the ground for a substantial restructuring of the British economy? Or is she merely responding to fundamental economic changes that are stimulating a response in the political market? Nigel Ashford, Senior Lecturer in Politics of the North Staffordshire Polytechnic, contrasts the Government's timid policy response with the electorate's increasing desire for economic liberalism, and examines the gulf between Conservative economic policy and the more truly radical ideas Mrs Thatcher is sometimes thought to promulgate.     

The Suppression of Private Provision

The contention that only the slate can equitably provide such public goods' education, sanitation, and law and order, is based on a misleading of history. The evidence is re-examined by Stephen Davies, Lecturer in the Department of English and History at Manchester Polytechnic, to levcal that state provision was urged by vested interests, rather than a genuine concern for the poor, tor whom the market was increasingly providing.     

Measuring the Size of the Shadow Economy

Early issues of Economic Affairs contained an exchange of views on the size and development of the black economy, concentrating chiefly on the UK. Friedrich Schneider and Markus Hofreither, of the University of Linz, continue the debate with an examination of the methods used to analyse the underground or 'shadow' economy in many Western countries.     

The introduction and use of microcomputers by professionals in an industrial corporation

The introduction of computer technology to many activities of society in recent years is due to a large extent to the microcomputer (MC). On the one hand, the low cost of MCs and the fact that they entail a significant degree of independence from management information systems departments would predict their rapid spread in business organizations. On the other hand, such a diffusion may be delayed because of people's resistance to the use of a new technology, especially if they do not feel comfortable with it. The current study examines the adoption of MCs in a large high-technology corporation. The response of the organization to the microcomputer innovation was described by determining in a “diffusion” function to fit the data on the purchasing of MCs. A two-stage was conducted to sample the users' attitudes toward the MCs and its impact on their their job and their effectiveness. The results indicate that there was no significant effect on users' jobs or on the allocation of their time to different activities. Yet the overall response to the MC was very positive. This positive attitude was directly related to users' perceptions of changes in decision-making processes and in the power structure of their units due to the introduction of the MCs. The implications of these findings to the process of adopting MCs are discussed.     

九一一事件后国际恐怖主义活动的发展动态——基于ARMA干预模型的分析

更好地理解九一一事件后十年国际恐怖主义活动的新特征和新趋势,有助于提高现有反恐政策的效果。在理论分析的基础上,作者构建ARMA干预模型量化九一一事件后国际恐怖主义活动的发展动态,结果表明:九一一事件后国际恐怖主义活动遭受沉重打击,所导致死亡人数的增长率下降了171%;但随后迅速恢复,恐怖袭击活动所造成死亡人数的增长率每年以59%的速度增长;受各种因素的影响,国际恐怖主义活动具有周期性波动的特征。拓展研究在再次确认上述结论稳健性的同时,指出国际恐怖主义活动在九一一事件后趋向于小型化和分散化。但值得警惕的是,在经历了一段低谷之后,国际恐怖主义活动正在逐步向技术性和专业化的方向发展,所发起袭击活动的致命性提高了。针对国际恐怖主义活动的上述新动态,作者提出相应的政策建议以强化现有的反恐怖斗争。     

国际政治经济学中的跨大西洋分歧

自20世纪70年代国际政治经济学产生以来,呈现出不同国家和地区的研究特点与学术传统。如同国际关系学科一样,美国学派在国际政治经济学研究中占据着主导地位,英国学派则处于半边缘状态。笔者首先分别界定英国学派与美国学派,然后从知识传统、方法论、议题设置等维度诠释二者间存在的差异,进而从历史背景、学术传统以及学术训练等方面解释英美学派间的差异,并且考察英美学派间目前的交流状态及其对话的必要。由于国际政治经济学并不是由方法论所确定的,而是由共同的研究主题以及核心概念所界定,因而英美学派有必要进行切实的对话以构建一个真正的全球性国际政治经济学科。     

一种用于图象处理的二维开关电容滤波器新的设计系统

本文描述二维实时滤波器开关电容网络的新的设计方法。该设计是在综合法的基础上,利用无损、非倒数原形电路而得到的开关电容网络。本文所使用的几个计算机软件,均已写好并调试,可将其集成为一个完整的设计系统。本文作为该设计系统的实际应用,举例设计一个二维高性能滤波器,该滤波器可以像一个CMOS单片那样实现。若与数字滤波器实现相比较,可达到降低成本和减少功耗的目的。     

直接序列扩频系统的多次驻留顺序捕获

本文利用矩阵变换方法对多次驻留顺序捕获的平均捕获时间表示式进行了推导,其过程较信号流图法简单。同时还给出了一次、二次及三次驻留顺序捕获系统的平均捕获时间的计算实例。