The times they are not changin’: Days and hours of work in Old and New Worlds, 1870–2000

This paper brings a historical perspective to debates on worktime differences across OECD countries, exploiting new data sets on hours of work per week, and days and hours of work per year between 1870 and 2000. We contest the popular view that the divergence in worktimes between Europe and North America and Australia is a recent phenomenon. Since 1870 the decline in weekly and annual hours was consistently greater in the Old World; the New World has had fewer days off for the last 130 years. Labor power and inequality, held to be important determinants of worktime after 1970, had comparable effects in the period before 1913. We find that given their levels of income in 1870 New World workers supplied relatively too many hours of work.     

关于黄山市旅游业发展战略研究

本文从多层面、全方位对黄山市旅游业的发展现状进行剖析,并就产业外资本的综合利用;产业内资本的引进和相互融合;加快集团内部的结构调整;创新思维,实施全新的企业战略;积极创造条件,培育外部环境;积极引导小企业间联合,构建小旅游企业集群;实施立体交通战略,增强景区可进入性等方面论述了黄山市旅游业发展的战略对策。     

Cross‐sectional Tests of Conditional Asset Pricing Models: Evidence from the German Stock Market

We study the performance of conditional asset pricing models and multifactor models in explaining the German cross‐section of stock returns. We focus on several variables, which (according to previous research) are associated with market expectations on future market excess returns or business cycle conditions. Our results suggest that the empirical performance of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) can be improved when allowing for time‐varying parameters of the stochastic discount factor. A conditional CAPM using the term spread explains the returns on our size and book‐to‐market sorted portfolios about as well as the Fama‐French three‐factor model and performs best in terms of the Hansen‐Jagannathan distance. Structural break tests do not necessarily indicate parameter instability of conditional model specifications. Another major finding of the paper is that the Fama‐French model – despite its generally good cross‐sectional performance – is subject to model instability. Unconditional models, however, do a better job than conditional ones at capturing time‐series predictability of the test portfolio returns.     

Intelligent und schön design im spannungsfeld zwischen Ausbildung und Praxis

Zwischen und Kunst und Kommerz — zwischen Technik und Trend; eine einfache Verortung des Designs scheitert an den vielf?ltigen Auspr?gungen der Disziplin. Design begegnet man, oft gleichzeitig, in Museen und Warenh?usern. Der Begriff „Design” wird dabei zum vermeintlichen Qualit?tsmerkmal: Nail-Design, Food-Design, Home-Design, Fashion-Design... Ob der inflation?ren Verwendung des Begriffes fragt man sich: „Was vermag Design wirklich zu leisten? Was kann von den Designerinnen und Designern erwartet werden?” Als Co-Leiter des Studienganges „Industrial Design” an der Hochschule für Gestaltung und Kunst Zürich und selbst als t?tiger Designer versucht der Autor in diesem Beitrag eine Verbindung von Ausbildung und Praxis in Richtung zukünftiger Szenarien zu schaffen.     

中国货币政策调控方式的有效性反思

本文从金融体制、金融市场化改革的角度分析了中国目前货币政策调控方式传导性失效的三大原因。同时采用比较分析法,给出了优化中国货币政策调控的相关政策建议。     

Political Risk and Export Promotion: Evidence from Germany

Political risk represents an important hidden transaction cost that reduces international trade. This paper investigates the claim that public export credit guarantees mitigate this friction to trade flows and hence promote exports. We employ an empirical trade gravity model, where we explicitly control for political risk in the importing country in order to evaluate the effect of export guarantees. Using a novel data set on guarantees, we estimate the effect of guarantees in a static and dynamic panel model. We find a statistically and economically significant positive effect of public export guarantees on exports which indicates that export promotion is indeed effective. Furthermore, political risk turns out to be an important obstacle for exports and hence should be taken into account in any empirical model of trade.     

Umgang mit psychischen Phänomenen in der Pflege

Zusammenfassung  Krankheiten aus dem Bereich der Psychiatrie — Es gibt immer mehr Menschen, die an psychischen Beschwerden leiden oder psychische Ph?nomene zeigen, wie Orientierungsverlust, Hoffnungslosigkeit oder selbstverletzendes Verhalten. Das hat verschiedene Ursachen und ver?ndert auch den pflegerischen Umgang mit Betroffenen, die wegen anderer Erkrankungen behandelt werden. Thema dieses Beitrages ist die Hoffnungslosigkeit. Literatur bei den Verfassern     

乳品企业的质量管理和标准化建设

文章从乳品企业原料奶的生产管理、相关人员的严格培训等方面评述了乳品企业在质量管理和标准化建设中存在的问题；建议引入独立监管机制，加强原料奶的生产、人员管理，完善标准化建设和企业的质量管理。     

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE VALUE OF CROSS‐DOCKING FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Cross‐docking is the practice of transferring materials from an incoming shipment directly to an outgoing shipment without storing them at the transfer point. This essentially eliminates the inventory‐holding function of a warehouse and can reduce supply chain costs. We investigate the value of one type of cross‐docking in a variety of supply chain environments.