Systematic review of sourcing and 3D printing: make-or-buy decisions in industrial buyer–supplier relationships

Management Review Quarterly - Additive manufacturing (AM) is regarded as a technology that has transformative and disruptive potential in nearly all industries. However, AM is not only about new...     

从PR到CI、CS、CRM--企业形象策略评析

为了帮助企业塑造良好形象，理论界从国外引进了PR、CI、CS、CRM等策略，然而，由于每一种策略在介绍时都程度不同地给于了美化，不仅造成了相互矛盾，更使企业界无所适从，其实，单个地来看，这些策略都有其所长和不足，只有联系起来综合运用，才能因相互充实而真正成为较为完善的企业形象策略。     

Regulatory Restrictions on Vertical Integration and Control: The Competitive Impact of Gasoline Divorcement Policies

Gasoline divorcement regulations restrict the integration of gasoline refiners and retailers. Theoretically, vertical integration can harm competition, making it possible that divorcement policies could increase welfare; alternatively, these policies may reduce welfare by sacrificing efficiencies. This paper attempts to differentiate between these possibilities by estimating a reduced form equation for the real retail price of unleaded regular gasoline. I find that divorcement regulations raise the price of gasoline by about 2.6¢ per gallon, reducing consumers surplus by over $100 million annually. This finding suggests that current proposals to further separate gasoline retailing from refining will be harmful to gasoline consumers.     

人民币兑换空间的结构与特征探讨

2002年12月1日,我国开始准许合格境外投资机构在中国境内开设人民币特殊账户,将人民币兑换从居民的兑换扩展到非居民的兑换。人民币兑换领域的扩展对人民币兑换的研究提出了新的要求。该文引入兑换空间和兑换空间结构的概念,通过人民币兑换空间中各种集合的关系比较,探讨人民币兑换空间的性质和特点,并由此提出人民币兑换的政策性建议。     

Auctions for PURPA purchases: A simulation study

Competition was introduced into the electric utility industry with the passage of the Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978. Increasing interest has appeared in structuring the PURPA purchase market into an auction system. This paper addresses the design issues associated with setting up such markets and introduces a simulation model to study them. The simulation analysis is guided by theoretical issues such as the alleged inefficiency of first-price auctions. We find that efficiency concerns raised about first-price auctions turn out to be less important than simple theoretical concerns would suggest.     

How Big Was the Effect of Budget Consolidation on the Australian Economy in the 1990s?

This article evaluates the effects of budget consolidation on the Australian economy in the 1990s. As the economy recovered from the 1991–92 recession, the need to improve the fiscal balance to lift national saving became the dominant influence on fiscal policy. The article argues that spending cuts by the Australian federal government announced in 1996 had immediate effects on financial markets, with reduced long‐term interest rates of about 50 basis points in 1996–97. Using a modified version of the Treasury macroeconometric model of the Australian economy (TRYM), the article simulates the net macroeconomic effects of the expenditure cuts, fiscal consolidation and lower long‐term interest rates. The article finds that the program of budget consolidation had a sizeable short‐ and medium‐term impact on the economy, raising Gross Domestic Product by up to three‐quarters of a percentage point and reducing unemployment by 0.3 percentage points over the next two to three years.     

Unemployment insurance: The role of electoral systems and regional labour markets

Levels of insurance against unemployment vary considerably across countries. Replacement rates, the ratio relating income from unemployment to what people earned when they were employed, are higher in countries with proportional electoral systems than in countries with majoritarian systems. Also, replacement rates are positively correlated with per capita income and negatively correlated with the countries' unemployment rates. I develop an electoral competition model that replicates these stylized facts.     

中国创造国家竞争优势的要素分析

波特、鲁格曼、克如兹、穆恩、鲁格曼、沃柏克和乔东逊等人分别解释美国、加拿大、韩国等国家竞争优势形成的要素.本文在参考上述等人文献的基础上,试图剖析形成中国国家竞争优势的主要元素.我们的结论是:政府、对外开放、生产力和市场需求四个因素及其关联共同创造了中国国家竞争优势.