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11.
Income and Price Elasticities of Demand in South Africa: An Application of the Linear Expenditure System
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Rulof Petrus Burger Lodewicus Charl Coetzee Carl Friedrich Kreuser Neil Andrew Rankin 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2017,85(4):491-514
This paper investigates the expenditure patterns of South African households using detailed cross‐sectional expenditure and price data that varies across region and time. Linear expenditure system parameter estimates are used to calculate income and price elasticities for a number of product categories at different points of the income distribution. We find substantial variation in the price and income elasticities of demand for items across the income distribution, with the bottom quartile being extremely sensitive to increases in the price of food and clothing items, and the top quartile being as sensitive as households in developed countries. 相似文献
12.
In 2014 democracy in South Africa was 20 years old. The democratic government in 1994 inherited both a high and increasing public debt/gross domestic product ratio and significant development backlogs. The government had to establish fiscal sustainability, yet also pursue development in a sustainable way. This article explores the government's performance in reconciling fiscal sustainability with sustainable development. The article shows that fiscal policy has been sustainable over the 20 years, with some risks appearing towards the end, and that the government pursued sustainable development through reallocating resources within the budget and by spending more in real terms. Three phases can be identified: 1994–2000, 2001–08 and 2009–13. However, poor service delivery and low levels of government investment during the 20 years threaten to undermine economic growth. Lower growth consequently threatens the sustainability of both fiscal policy and development, which, in turn, again undermines growth prospects. Hence, the article also identifies key future challenges. 相似文献
13.
Using a panel of 69 countries during 1981 and 2005, we investigate the role of institutions in determining foreign direct
investment (FDI). We find that institutions are a robust predictor of FDI and that the most significant institutional aspects
are linked to propriety rights. Using a novel data set, we also study the impact of institutions on FDI at the sectoral level.
We find that institutions do not have a significant impact on FDI in the primary sector but that institutional quality matters
for FDI in manufacturing, and particularly in services. 相似文献
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15.
Norbert Wunner 《Journal of Economic Policy Reform》2013,16(1):51-74
Financial market imperfections and especially the bad debt problem are among the most important factors impeding economic restructuring in transition economies. This paper analyses the implications of non-performing loans for the lending policy of banks and for the ensuing allocation of credit. It is shown that a lending bias exists in favour of old debtors, which not only impedes structural change but may also counteract policies intended to harden budget constraints and to promote restructuring. The paper also discusses from a political economy perspective, why despite these negative implications financial market reforms were not pursued more forcefully in most countries. 相似文献
16.
Prof. Dr. Norbert Eickhof ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Volkswirtschaftslehre insbesondere Wirtschaftspolitik an der
Universit?t Potsdam; und Verena Le?la Holzer Dipl.-Volkswirtin ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an diesem Lehrstuhl. 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2006,86(4):268-276
Mehr als ein Jahr nach dem EU-rechtlich vorgegebenen Endtermin wurde im Juli 2005 das neue Energiewirtschaftsgesetz verabschiedet.
Von welchen Zielen geht dieses Gesetz aus? Wie lauten seine wichtigsten Neuregelungen? Und welche Auswirkungen sind von ihnen
zu erwarten? 相似文献
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Norbert Schulz 《Australian economic papers》2000,39(1):108-112
This comment points out a gap in the proof of Theorem 2 contained in the paper by Yin and Ng. It is shown that the price reaction functions in their modelling approach are not continuous for all capacity subgames, contradicting the claim of Lemma 1. Possible remedies are suggested. 相似文献
20.