Partisan and bipartisan gerrymandering

This paper analyzes the optimal partisan and bipartisan gerrymandering policies in a model with electoral competitions in policy positions and transfer promises. Party leaders have both office‐ and policy‐motivations. With complete freedom in redistricting, partisan gerrymandering policy generates the most one‐sidedly biased district profile, while bipartisan gerrymandering generates the most polarized district profile. In contrast, with limited freedom in gerrymandering, both partisan and bipartisan gerrymandering tend to prescribe the same policy.     

A genetic algorithm based approach to transactional and QoS-aware service selection

As there are various risks of failure when Web services are deployed in unreliable environment, the execution of a composite Web service (CWS) requires the transaction mechanism to guarantee its reliable execution. However, the existing service selection approaches consider QoS and transaction separately and have not considered that transactional properties may affect the QoS such as the execution time of a CWS. This work addresses the importance of considering transactional properties and how the transactional properties affect the QoS simultaneously in the process of service selection by a QoS-aware and transactional-aware selection approach. First, a performance evaluation method is proposed to calculate the execution time of a transactional CWS. Then, a genetic algorithm based approach, which takes into account the execution time, price, transactional property and successful execution rate of CWS, is presented to achieve global optimisation service selection. Finally, experimental results show the efficiency and effectiveness of the approach.     

Subnational institutional environment,scale competition and MNEs’ ownership levels in transition economy: evidence from China

Abstract

This paper shows that the effect of market scale competition on the ownership levels of foreign-funded enterprises is conditioned on sub-national institutional environment in China. Analysis is based on the idea that multinational enterprises subject to the dual pressures of institutional isomorphism and competition in the host country. The provincial panel data from 2001 to 2012 is used for empirical tests. This study indicates that the weaker the legal property rights protection and legal enforcement of contracts, and the higher the opening up, the more the large foreign-funded enterprises decrease their ownership levels, whereas the negative moderating effect incurred by the reduction to government intervention in business is limited significant.     

企业价值评估贴现模型的比较分析

贴现模型是企业价值评估中应用较为普遍的模型,但在我国实践中使用贴现模型存在很多问题。本文利用自由现金流量贴现法、调整现值法、经济利润贴现法三种常用的方法,探讨贴现模型不同参数指标的原理、使用原则、使用条件及在我国实践中的适应性,希望讨论能够为企业价值评估实务提供指导和帮助。     

浅谈高层小区物业管理之消防工作

随着全国楼市火爆,新疆经济建设速度的加快,乌鲁木齐近年来出现了建房、购房热潮,相继建起了一大批多高层住宅小区,物业管理也随之产生,物业公司的消防安全管理水平直接关系到高层住宅小区的消防安全状况。尤其是高层底商楼和电梯公寓楼的消防管理还不成熟、不完善。     

应用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验的研究

[目的]探讨应用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验的试验条件和阳性对照物8-MOP的合适试验浓度。[方法]观测皮肤光毒性实验仪的UVA光强度与开机时间的关系,并根据测得的光强度平均值计算得出光毒性试验所需的照射时间;用不同浓度的8-MOP进行试验,排除8-MOP的原发性刺激作用,选择适宜的应用浓度进行皮肤光毒性试验;对两个防晒粉底按所选仪器条件进行试验。[结果]照射开始后2-100m in,UVA光强度稳定在4.3-4.4 mW/cm^2,平均值为4.4 mW/cm^2,故试验时的照射时间为38m in;用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行光毒性试验,0.05%8-MOP能引起豚鼠皮肤明显光毒性反应并且不引起原发性刺激反应;相同试验条件下未见两种防晒粉底引起豚鼠皮肤显著光毒性反应。[结论]用皮肤光毒性实验仪进行化妆品皮肤光毒性试验可行、有效。     

我国居民消费增长的未来趋势与现实抑制

经济增速维持高位、就业形势趋好、收入分配格局改善等利好因素支撑着我国居民消费的长期增长趋势。但是,消费率偏低仍然是困扰我国经济发展方式转变的主要困难。收入分配差距大、公共服务不健全、消费环境不佳、通货膨胀、外部不确定性等矛盾同时制约着消费增长。必须长期制度创新与短期政策优化相结合,力促居民消费增长。     

直觉对科学创造的重要性分析

本文探讨了直觉与科学创造的重要性,论述了直觉与灵感产生的关系,强调老师在教学过程中应该重视学生直觉思维的培养。