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71.
John T. Addison Alex Bryson Paulino Teixeira André Pahnke Lutz Bellmann 《Scottish journal of political economy》2013,60(2):182-209
The institutions of collective bargaining and worker representation are eroding in many nations, not least in Germany and Britain. This is the first article to explore transitions into and out of these arrangements. Using successive waves of the German IAB Establishment Panel and both cross‐sectional and panel components of the British Workplace Employment Relations Survey for the period 1998–2004, we find industrial relations are in flux, with many workplaces switching into and out of collective bargaining and other agencies of worker representation, respectively, works councils in Germany and joint consultative committees in Britain. Yet although there are some commonalities in behaviour, the driving forces behind the decline in collective bargaining differ markedly in the two countries. 相似文献
72.
This paper seeks to build on theory, to develop new methods for understanding the nature and basis of sectoral and national competitive advantage, and to do so with a temporal perspective. Neo-Schumpeterian and evolutionary economics perspectives (which place innovation at the forefront of accumulation) highlight the importance of economic rents, barriers to entry and core competencies. There is no one measure that adequately reflects these barriers to entry, and much of the research has been concerned to generate proxies, each of which is in itself partial, but which together provide a comprehensive picture. During the late 1970s, preliminary work was undertaken on the unit price of UK trade as an indicator of relative technological competence. However, this approach has largely been neglected since then, receiving only sporadic attention in US literature, and at high levels of product aggregation. This paper utilizes this approach to try and reflect the dynamic process of shifting competitive advantage in the global economy. Its distinctive feature is the level of detail—six-digit trade classifications—and its breadth of coverage, being applied to seven sets of sectoral classifications involving more than 12 000 product groups. The data set relates to EU imports of manufactured goods between 1988 and 2001. It concludes that there is a strong correlation between unit price performance and innovation intensity, and provides data to show that low-income economies tend to be located in low-innovation niches in sectoral groupings. This has important implications for the conventional wisdom that high incomes will result from a specialization in manufactures. 相似文献
73.
Frederico Z. Poleto Carlos D. Paulino Geert Molenberghs Julio M. Singer 《Revue internationale de statistique》2011,79(1):92-113
In the context of either Bayesian or classical sensitivity analyses of over‐parametrized models for incomplete categorical data, it is well known that prior‐dependence on posterior inferences of nonidentifiable parameters or that too parsimonious over‐parametrized models may lead to erroneous conclusions. Nevertheless, some authors either pay no attention to which parameters are nonidentifiable or do not appropriately account for possible prior‐dependence. We review the literature on this topic and consider simple examples to emphasize that in both inferential frameworks, the subjective components can influence results in nontrivial ways, irrespectively of the sample size. Specifically, we show that prior distributions commonly regarded as slightly informative or noninformative may actually be too informative for nonidentifiable parameters, and that the choice of over‐parametrized models may drastically impact the results, suggesting that a careful examination of their effects should be considered before drawing conclusions. 相似文献
74.
Doris C. C. K. Kowaltowski Giovana Bianchi Valéria Teixeira de Paiva 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2010,20(4):453-476
The architectural design process is based on a creative phase where creativity is highly valued. Although the literature on
creativity is rich in ways to stimulate the decision-making process, these tools are rarely formally present in the building
design process. To further the discussion on creativity and design education this paper presents a study on methods that may
enhance the creative process and their application in architecture courses around the world. The results of this inquiry indicate
that design instructors apply methods that may stimulate creativity mostly informally, with some positive results. To explore
more fully the richness of the literature on the enhancement of creativity, structured applications of methods are recommended
in controlled experiments to analyze results. 相似文献
75.
76.
Very few studies on the assessment and evolution of Chinese economics research draw on quantitative methods, namely bibliometrics. Bibliometrics is a powerful tool that helps to explore, organize and analyze large amounts of information in a quantitative manner. Selecting the most important economic journal focusing on the Chinese economy – the China Economic Review (CER) – we classified and assessed all the (512) articles that have been published in CER from its founding (1989) to December 2010. Based on these articles, and undertaking an exploratory statistical analysis on three databases – a ‘bibliographic’ database (512 articles), a ‘roots’ database (over 10 thousand citations), and an ‘influence’ database (over 3 thousand citations), we concluded that: 1) ‘Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth’; ‘Economic Systems’, and ‘International economics’ are the most important topics for Chinese economics literature; 2) there is a trend in Chinese economics research for growing ‘rigor’, associated to a noticeable rise in the weight of formal/mathematical-based articles; 3) the ‘International economics’ topic does not influence nor is it influenced by Chinese economics literature; and 4) Chinese economics literature is characterized by a certain level of endogamy, given that its range of influence is rather concentrated (geographically) in China and the USA. 相似文献
77.
Sandra Tavares Silva Jorge M. S. Valente Aurora A. C. Teixeira 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2012,7(1):23-61
By combining features from distinct theoretical approaches, namely the evolutionary and the job search, matching and bargaining
literatures, we propose a model that captures the main dynamics of a world where heterogeneous firms and workers interact
and co-evolve. Within a micro-meso framework, the model focuses on the influence of firms’ labour choices (“institutional
settings”) on industry dynamics, taking into account the existence of employment adjustment costs. The consideration of endogenous
matching and bargaining processes in the labour market results in significant frictions, such as the simultaneous coexistence
of unfilled job vacancies and unemployment. In a setting where technological progress is not biased a stylized fact of industrialized
world economies in the last few decades emerges, the increasing wage inequality. Additionally, turbulence in the industry
increases after a negative demand shock. As expected, the negative demand shock causes a decrease in the number of vacancies
and, consequently, unemployment rates increase considerably. Interestingly, and mimicking the recent experiences of countries
such as US, Spain, Greece and Portugal, the rise in unemployment is matched by a rise in contractual wages. This outcome is
explained by the lower ability of the firms to fill their posted vacancies, which results from friction in the interactions
among agents. 相似文献
78.
It is well established that S-shaped curves describe the diffusion processes of many innovations quite well, but little insight on the mechanics of diffusion is achieved by simple curve fitting. We propose an evolutionary model of the diffusion process, focusing on the characteristics of economic agents and on the interactions among them, and relate those determinants with the observed shape of the diffusion curve. Using simulation techniques, we show that the proposed model is able to explain why an innovation may not diffuse globally across an economy/region, even when it faces no rival innovations. Moreover, we show how network size, informational spillovers, and the behavior of innovation prices shape the diffusion process. The results regarding network size and informational spillovers rationalize the importance of informational lock-outs, proving they can influence both the aggregate adoption rate and the speed of the diffusion process. With respect to innovation prices, simulation results show that faster price decline leads to higher aggregate adoption rates, and that the diffusion process is more sensitive to the pricing dynamics than to the network size or the behavior of spillovers. 相似文献
79.
Giovanna Medeiros Rataichesck Fiates Renata Dias De Mello Castanho Amboni Evanilda Teixeira 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2008,32(2):157-162
Children worldwide are becoming avid consumers of virtually every type of product and service, which qualifies them as an important primary market. The purpose of this study was to obtain primary data about the consumer behaviour of a group of Brazilian children using a qualitative approach. Twelve focus group interviews were conducted with primary school students (7–10 years, n = 57), and results were processed through content analysis. Many, but not all students, received an allowance, mostly from parents and grandparents. Many students spent the money immediately or after just saving only enough to buy a desired item; others preferred to save their money for the sake of saving it or for a specific future endeavor. Money was spent mainly on food, toys and clothes; sometimes on the impulse of the moment and associated with later guilt. Television was considered a big source of information on new products, but regarded as untrustworthy. When they could not get what they wanted, most children appealed to negotiation strategies; many also reported feeling sad or cross. Results showed a situation of late socialization as consumers, suggesting the children could benefit from consumer education strategies targeted at them. 相似文献
80.
During the last decades, the world energy dependence increased significantly. Understanding how companies depend on oil prices is essential, especially for countries highly dependent or importers. The work intends to investigate the relationship between oil price changes and Portuguese listed companies’ returns. Using the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, we conclude that nearly 20 % of the companies are significantly affected by oil prices, finding also evidence that these effects are asymmetric, depending on the company’s current situation in the market (result attributed to the lack of liquidity and the small number of firms included within the sample). There exists some differences among economic sectors in the way they are impacted by oil price changes, although not so much significant. The results show that the bigger the company, the higher the probability of being significantly affected by oil price changes. Results suggest that lagged oil price positive shocks increase Portuguese companies’ returns, by opposition to the current oil price change. Findings highlight the key role played by aggregate demand-side oil price shocks over the financial economic activity, showing sector and individual companies’ differences, thus inducing the possibility of results being highly dependent over the economic context faced by the country under analysis, that firms are more sensitive to oil prices when the equity market is busiest and that oil price increases affect companies returns in a negative way, but price decreases cause more positive than negative effects over company returns. 相似文献