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751.
Professor of Econometrics Arie Kapteyn 《De Economist》1985,133(1):1-20
Summary Although utility has been the central concept in economics, economists have paid relatively little attention to its measurement. Generally, utility is measured indirectly via the revealed preference approach. We discuss problems with this approach and next introduce alternative direct measurement methods. The direct measurement methods are seen to spawn a so-called theory of preference formation, which explains differences in utility functions of different individuals. The similarities of this theory with related theories in sociology and psychology, and various sorts of empirical evidence, are reviewed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for economic theories.This is a slightly adapted version of my inaugural address at Tilburg University. I thank Tom Wansbeek for his helpful comments. 相似文献
752.
This paper examines a market in which a continuum of principals and agents interact in a game. Principals offer contracts while agents decide on sets of acceptable contracts. A mechanism from a class satisfying efficiency, unbiasedness, and continuity properties then matches principals and agents. With risk neutral agents, when the contribution of principals and agents to the total gains from trade in a pairing are additively separable, the equilibria of the game coincide with the competitive equilibria for the market. In particular, all contracts used in Nash equilibrium induce first-best effort levels. Both principals and agents have exogenous opportunities outside this market. In equilibrium, agents have endogenously determined outside opportunities available from employment by another principal, and this may be the binding participation constraint in a principal-agent pairing. The results are extended to special non-separable cases and to the case of identical risk averse agents.We are grateful to seminar participants at Indiana University, the University of Kentucky, and Vanderbilt University for comments on earlier versions of this work. Referees' comments led us to generalize the model and to more clearly specify the point of the paper. 相似文献
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754.
Professor N. Mukhopadhyay Asst. Professor H. I. Hamdy Asst. Professor S. Darmanto 《Metrika》1988,35(1):275-286
We considerk (≥2) independent negative exponential populations with unknown location parameters and unknown but equal scale parameter.
We incorporate the existing purely sequential and three-stage sampling procedures for selecting the “best” population and
study the asymptotic second-order characteristics of the proposed fixed-size simultaneous confidence regions for the location
parameters constructed after selection and ranking. Some direct estimation procedures have also been discussed. 相似文献
755.
The transactions trust demand for money 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Professor Martin Shubik 《Journal of Economics》1990,52(3):211-232
An exchange economy using gold as a means of payment is considered where it is possible to borrow gold in a money market. A positive money rate of interest is encountered as the shadow price of the capacity constraint in an economy without enough gold. The meaning of enough gold and the role of the default penalty are noted in the determination of the interest rate.Revised from Enough Gold in a Society Without and With Moneylenders, CFDP No. 753. The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Aequus Institute. 相似文献
756.
Consistent with two models of imperfect competition in the labor market—the efficient bargaining model and the monopsony model—we provide two extensions of a microeconomic version of Hall's framework for estimating price‐cost margins. We show that both product and labor market imperfections generate a wedge between factor elasticities in the production function and their corresponding shares in revenue, which can be characterized by a ‘joint market imperfections parameter’. Using an unbalanced panel of 10,646 French firms in 38 manufacturing industries over the period 1978–2001, we can classify these industries into six different regimes depending on the type of competition in the product and the labor market. By far the most predominant regime is one of imperfect competition in the product market and efficient bargaining in the labor market (IC‐EB), followed by a regime of imperfect competition in the product market and perfect competition or right‐to‐manage bargaining in the labor market (IC‐PR), and by a regime of perfect competition in the product market and monopsony in the labor market (PC‐MO). For each of these three predominant regimes, we assess within‐regime firm differences in the estimated average price‐cost mark‐up and rent sharing or labor supply elasticity parameters, following the Swamy methodology to determine the degree of true firm dispersion. To assess the plausibility of our findings in the case of the dominant regime (IC‐EB), we also relate our industry and firm‐level estimates of price‐cost mark‐up and extent of rent sharing to industry characteristics and firm‐specific variables respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
757.
The volume of China’s high-technology exports has grown sharply since the implementation of its export promotion strategy "Revitalizing Trade through Science and Technology" in 1999.This paper investigates whether technology spillover effects are greater for hightechnology exports than for primary manufactured goods exports.We present a generalized multi-sector spillover model to identify both between spillover effects from exports towards non-exporters and within-spillover effects among export sectors.Using panel data for 31 provinces in China over the period from 1998 to 2005,we find that although high-technology export sectors have higher productivity compared with other sectors,this productivity advantage does not lead to technology spillover to both domestic sectors and other export sectors,and export technology spillover mainly derives from traditional export sectors rather than high-technology export sectors.As such findings can be largely attributed to the fact that China’s high-technology exports depend significantly on processing trade by foreign- invested firms,policy implications are discussed in relation to how to best promote the role of China’s high-technology exports during economic expansion. 相似文献
758.
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适中论 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
肖纪美 《国际技术经济研究》1999,2(2):1-8
当代的主调是和平与发展;在这个当代,本文尝试从人文、社科、科技三个方面共十个命题,论述一个观点,“为了适,必须中”:(1)人文思考——哲理,历史;(2)社科评价——政治运动,宣传导向,经济体制,收获递减律;(3)科技分析——数学的极值,系统工程的优化技术,材料物理的能量学与动力学分析,功能(性能、才能)过剩 相似文献