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41.
Many papers have documented wide variations in productivityeven in narrowly defined industries. Some have argued that thisprimarily reflects measurement problems due, for example, tocomparing across different products. Others argue that thisreflects persistent differences in performance due, for example,to management. This paper looks at productivity differencesnot within an industry but within a firm. We use data on productivityof different branches within lines of business of a major UK-basedwholesaler. Using these productivity data for comparisons is,we argue, more likely to compare like with like than comparingbetween firms. We document sustained differences in productivityeven between branches within the same line of business. We alsodiscuss the extent to which they are correlated with differencesin management and find that such differences accountfor around 40 per cent of the difference in productivity.
Footnotes
1 E-mail addresses: r.griffith{at}ifs.org.uk; j.e.haskel{at}qmul.ac.uk;a.neely{at}cranfield.ac.uk 相似文献
42.
This paper examines motivations for, and paths to, entrepreneurship among immigrants in Turkey based on interviews with 22 immigrant entrepreneurs in Istanbul. Findings suggest that immigrant entrepreneurs in a developing economy may be different from their counterparts in well‐established economies. First, immigrant entrepreneurs rely on their unique human and social capital in the process of starting businesses thanks to their ability to identify opportunities based on insider knowledge of the market in their home and host countries. Second, their ability to foster trusting relationships thanks to language, cultural, and religious knowledge permits immigrant entrepreneurs in an emerging economy to engage in less economically marginal activities. 相似文献
43.
44.
This paper experimentally examines the determinants of the deviation between potential and realized value creation in strategic alliances. To better understand how decision making in alliances may influence success, we use an experimental design that juxtaposes two important factors that affect alliance members' decisions: economic incentives and communication. The evidence from our experiment sheds light on the relative impact of each, and more importantly, how both factors interact to explain successful outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
45.
David R. Goodwin Rachel E. Mcelwee 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2013,23(4):403-409
This study focuses on grocery shopping and an ageing population. It hypothesizes that as a population ages so there will be a change in preferences for certain service and product factors associated with grocery shopping. Survey responses were collected from 393 people and the results confirmed the expectations. To analyse the data, a multiplicative determinance model was used. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings for retailers. 相似文献
46.
We examine whether board members serve as a channel for remotely located firms to access the benefits from business‐dense areas due to economies of agglomeration. We find that geographically remote firms benefit from connections to firms in top metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for business density. After controlling for director compensation, we find connections to top MSA firms mitigate the negative effect of increased distance from business‐dense areas. We address concerns of endogeneity by exploring a sample of firms whose directors gain board seats at top MSA firms and find a similar positive impact of connections to top MSA firms. 相似文献
47.
This paper investigates the economic impact of the government's proposed new UK R&D tax credit. We measure the benefit of the credit by the effect on value added in the short and long runs. This is simulated from existing econometric estimates of the tax‐price elasticity of research and development (R&D) and the effect of R&D on productivity. For the latter, we allow R&D to have an effect on technology transfer (catching up with the technological frontier) as well as innovation (pushing the frontier forward). We then compare the increase in value added to the likely exchequer costs of the programme under a number of scenarios. In the long run, the increase in GDP far outweighs the costs of the tax credit. The short‐run effect is far smaller, with value added only exceeding cost if R&D grows at or below the rate of inflation. 相似文献
48.
Rachel T. A. Croson Femida Handy Jen Shang 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2010,15(2):199-213
- We study if men and women are subject to different influences when determining their level of charitable giving. In particular, we examine differential sensitivities to social norms among donors to a public radio station. Our survey of 975 donors finds that male donors are more likely than female donors to use social norms to inform their own behavior. We conduct a laboratory experiment to investigate the influence of social information on social norm formation and giving. Our results suggest that temporarily created social norms influence giving by men significantly more than by women. This result replicates and establishes the causal relationship between social norms and donations suggested by our field findings. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications of these results.
49.
As barriers to globalization have steadily diminished, the number of entrepreneurial and noncommercial expatriates have grown
from a trickle to a torrent. Much of what we know about expatriatism may not apply to this new breed of expatriates. A four-quadrant
typology of expatriates draws attention to important differences in expatriate types. I make use of the notions of comparative
fit and normative fit from self-categorization theory to validate the typology. Examining the experiences of 160 expatriates
demonstrates that the proposed typology represents real differences and is invoked by expatriates in the field. Scholars may
apply this typology to explain inconsistent findings in extant studies and as a guide for the development of new research
questions. 相似文献
50.
Anita Chawla Miranda Peeples Nanxin Li Rachel Anhorn Jason Ryan James Signorovitch 《Journal of medical economics》2018,21(6):543-552
Aims: To assess the frequency of biopsies and molecular diagnostic testing (human DNA/RNA analysis), anti-cancer drug use (genomically-matched targeted therapy [GMTT], unmatched targeted therapy [UTT], endocrine therapy [ET], and chemotherapy [CT]), and medical service costs among adults with metastatic cancer.Methods: Adults diagnosed with metastatic breast, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), colorectal, head and neck, ovarian, and uterine cancer (2010Q1–2015Q1) were identified in the OptumHealth Care Solutions claims database and followed from first metastatic diagnosis for ≥1 month and until the end of data availability. Utilization was assessed for each cancer cohort (all and patients aged ≥65 years); per-patient-per-month (PPPM) medical service costs were assessed for all patients. Testing frequency estimates were applied to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data to estimate the number of untested patients (2010–2014).Results: Patients with metastatic cancer (n?=?8,193; breast [n?=?3,414], NSCLC [n?=?2,231], colorectal [n?=?1,611], head and neck [n?=?511], ovarian [n?=?275], and uterine [n?=?151]) were 63 years old (mean), with 11.1–22.2 months of observation. Biopsy and molecular diagnostic testing frequencies ranged from 7% (uterine) to 73% (ovarian), and from 34% (head and neck) to 52% (breast), respectively. Few were treated with GMTT (breast, 11%; NSCLC, 9%; colorectal, 6%). Treatment with UTT ranged from 0.7% (uterine) to 21% (colorectal). Biopsy, diagnostic testing, and anti-cancer drug therapy were less frequent for those ≥65 years. Medical service costs (PPPM, mean) ranged from $6,618 (head and neck) to $9,940 (ovarian). The estimated number of untested new patients with metastatic cancer was 636,369 (all) and 341,397 (≥65).Limitations: In addition to the limitations of claims analyses, diagnostic testing frequency may be under-estimated if patients underwent testing prior to study inclusion.Conclusions: The low frequency of molecular diagnostic testing suggests there are opportunities to better inform management of patients with advanced cancer, particularly decisions to treat with GMTT. 相似文献