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91.
A substantial literature shows that economic prosperity is dependent on the quality of economic institutions. Countries with low-quality institutions remain poor while countries with high-quality institutions prosper. Improvement in institutional quality brings with it economic growth. Poor countries must improve their economic institutions to escape poverty; so, if a poor country’s institutional structure is unlikely to improve, that suggests dismal prospects for economic growth and an escape from poverty. An examination of institutional quality over 30 years indicates that countries with low-quality institutions have improved their institutional quality, which demonstrates that poor countries are not stuck with low-quality institutions. They can improve their institutions, and consequently, can generate economic growth and escape poverty. 相似文献
92.
93.
This paper investigates the possibility that newly-emerging equity markets in Central Europe exhibit semi-strong form efficiency such that no relationship exists between lagged values of changes in economic variables and changes in equity prices. We find that while there are connections between the real economy and equity market returns in Poland and Hungary, these links occur with lags, suggesting the possibility of profitable trading strategies based on public information and rejecting semi-strong efficiency. For the Czech Republic the situation is more complex. In recent periods, little connection exists between lagged economic variables and equity market returns. Although this finding might be viewed as consistent with semi-strong efficiency, in fact there is also little connection between current economic values and stock prices in the Czech Republic. Thus, instead of processing information efficiently, the Czech market appears to be entirely divorced from the real world. It is suggested that the difference in the current status of these markets may be due to the different methods by which they were created. 相似文献
94.
Randall W. Jackson 《Economic Systems Research》1998,10(3):223-238
Exended input–output (IO) models are increasingly prominent in regional economic analysis. Social accounting matrices and associated multiplier decompositions, IO econometric model hybrids and computable general equilibrium models are finding greater acceptance in contexts in which simple IO models once dominated. Although the extended regional models build primarily on the foundation of regional, interindustry accounting frameworks, the data from which these regional accounts are drawn are most commonly in the form of a national commodity-by-industry account. Despite this longstanding fact, the IO table adaptation literature has focused almost solely on methods of adapting national interindustry accounts to regional economies. This paper presents a method designed specifically to regionalize commodity-by-industry accounts, in the context of the US reporting system. The focus on commodity-by-industry data demands a confrontation with several important issues that otherwise might go unattended. Using a particular system and its accompanying classification scheme ensures a comprehensive and consistent regionalization method. 相似文献
95.
Terutomo Ozawa Randall G. Kesselring Tracy Murray Paul Johnson Penelope B. Prime 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(2):269-292
Aliber, Robert Z., The Multinational Paradigm, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1993, 282 pages. Jerome, Robert W. (Ed.), World Trade at the Crossroads, Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1992, 290 pages. Walters, Robert S. (Ed.), Talking Trade: U.S. Policy in International Perspective, Boulder: Westview Press, 1993, 159 pages. Murray, Geoffrey, Doing Business in China, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994, 350 pages. Schutte, Hellmut (Ed.), The Global Competitiveness of the Asian Firm, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994, 379 pages. 相似文献
96.
Representing climatic uncertainty in agricultural models – an application of state‐contingent theory
Jason Crean Kevin Parton John Mullen Randall Jones 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2013,57(3):359-378
The state‐contingent approach to production uncertainty presents a more general model than the conventional stochastic production approach. Here we investigate whether the state‐contingent approach offers a tractable framework for representing climatic uncertainty at a farm level. We developed a discrete stochastic programming (DSP) model of a representative wheat–sheep (mixed) farm in the Central West of NSW. More explicit recognition of climatic states, and associated state‐contingent responses, led to optimal farm plans that were more profitable on average and less prone to the effects of variations in climate than comparable farm plans based on the expected value framework. The solutions from the DSP model also appeared to more closely resemble farm land use than the equivalent expected value model using the same data. We conclude that there are benefits of adopting a state‐contingent view of uncertainty, giving support to its more widespread application to other problems. 相似文献
97.
Christoph Böhringer Nicholas Rivers Thomas Rutherford Randall Wigle 《The Canadian journal of economics》2015,48(4):1350-1380
Dividing the burden for greenhouse gas abatement among the provinces has proven challenging in Canada and contributes to Canada's failure to limit emissions. This paper uses a computable general equilibrium model to compare a number of rules for sharing the burden of emission reductions among Canadian provinces. Because of the substantial heterogeneity among Canadian provinces, these different rules imply significantly different relative abatement effort among provinces, and also significantly different welfare implications. We compare these archetypal burden sharing rules to existing provincial emission reduction commitments and find that none of the standard burden sharing rules comes close to existing commitments. 相似文献
98.
Randall S. Schuler 《Journal of Market-Focused Management》1996,1(1):13-29
Under market-focused management (MFM) the whole organization is engaged in the satisfaction of customers' needs—so much so that MFM becomes the philosophy and modus operandi of doing business and customers become the reason for the organization's existence. If this is to happen, human resource philosophies, policies, and practice must be conducive to MFM. The objectives of this article are to briefly review the implications for human resource management. The merits of adopting the business philosophy of MFM as compared to other traditional alternatives have been discussed in detail elsewhere (Webster, 1992; Day, 1990; Kohli and Jaworski, 1990; Narver and Slater, 1990; Grover, 1995). Here we focus on describing human resource philosophy, policies, and practices options that are affected by MFM. 相似文献
99.
100.
Glyn Wittwer David T. Vere Randall E. Jones Garry R. Griffith 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2005,49(4):363-377
A recent analysis indicated that the direct financial cost of weeds to Australia's winter grain sector was approximately $A1.2bn in 1998–1999. Costs of this magnitude represent a large recurring productivity loss in an agricultural sector that is sufficient to impact significantly on regional economies. Using a multi‐regional dynamic computable general equilibrium model, we simulate the general equilibrium effects of a hypothetical successful campaign to reduce the economic costs of weeds. We assume that an additional $50m of R&D spread over five years is targeted at reducing the additional costs and reduced yields arising from weeds in various broadacre crops. Following this R&D effort, one‐tenth of the losses arising from weeds is temporarily eliminated, with a diminishing benefit in succeeding years. At the national level, there is a welfare increase of $700m in discounted net present value terms. The regions with relatively high concentrations of winter crops experience small temporary macroeconomic gains. 相似文献