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101.
Many employers are extending workplace rights by allowing for more employee voice in decision making. Numerous unionized organizations have established formal worker participation processes to help achieve this end and to improve organizational performance. Based largely on theory, such processes are normally designed to operate independently from the bargaining process. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between participation and bargaining processes, and the effect of this relationship on workplace satisfaction. A total of 712 Midwest union officials were surveyed, and the results indicate that the processes tend to become integrated in the workplace. Further, union officials' workplace satisfaction was greater where formal worker participation is institutionalized within the bargaining process. 相似文献
102.
Jixia?Yang Gary?J.?CastrogiovanniEmail author Robert?Justis 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2005,1(1):9-25
This article focuses on the structuring of the corporate headquarters in a franchise organization. Four essential issues that are related to franchisors organizational structure are discussed—homogeneity and heterogeneity of franchisors structure, company-owned and franchise arrangement, the dynamics between strategy and structure, and performing innovative and administrative functions simultaneously in the headquarters. Propositions are given for each issue. The results of qualitative analysis associated with each issue are discussed. 相似文献
103.
This paper has three goals. First, we demonstrate that standard arguments and methods from production and duality analysis
can be used to provide a comprehensive and general treatment of the value of information for a risk-averse firm with expected-utility
(linear-in-probabilities) preferences and a general stochastic technology. Second, we place bounds on the value of information
for a risk-averse firm and relate these bounds to characteristics of the technology and the producer’s preferences. The third
and final goal is to derive the implications that information differences can have for measured efficiency differences and
to relate the bounds on the value of information to those measured differences.
相似文献
104.
Vanthuan Nguyen Bonnie F. Van Ness Robert R. Van Ness 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2007,31(2):251-267
We examine how the different mix of informed and liquidity trading in the market for ETFs affects the nature of inter-market
competition. We find that both the characteristics of the securities and the structures of the competing markets jointly determine
the nature of inter-market competition. Given the superior execution quality on the ECNs and the low adverse selection costs
in the ETF market, anonymous market such as the ECNs, attract both liquidity and informed traders. We also find that markets
compete in a subset of ETFs. In addition, we find that quotebased competition is prevalent in the market for ETFs. 相似文献
105.
Robert?StewartEmail author Karen?Hill Jessa?Stewart David?Bimler John?Kirkland 《Quality and Quantity》2005,39(6):687-709
The underlying “architecture of the decision to pursue a degree in psychology was quantified using the Method of Sorting technique
to identifying the critical issues necessary to make this choice. Multidimentsional scaling procedures were employed to construct
a three-dimensional map representing the relationships between reasons for selecting psychology as a major. Freshman and senior
psychology majors (N = 165) from a regional university and a large research-based institution rated the relative importance of items in their
decision-making process. Hierarchical clustering procedures revealed seven different groups of students. Although significant
differences associated with class standing were not found, institutional affiliation did influence cluster composition. Reflecting
local emphases, students at the regional institution had a greater interest in Counseling Psychology, whereas those at the
research-based school focused on Clinical Psychology. This semantic map and the associated item clusters arising from psychology
student data provides an empirical basis for, amongst other things, course selection, faculty-initiated program design or
revision, strategic niche marketing, and student retention. 相似文献
106.
C. Robert Clark Ignatius J. Horstmann 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》2005,14(2):377-401
Many advertised products are established and have little quality variation. For these products advertising signaling explanations are unconvincing. We develop a coordination model of advertising with consumers observing ads probabilistically and never observing advertising levels. Consumers who fail to see an ad for a product believe it will likely have low sales and so be of low value. Firms advertise to avoid these beliefs. The model's predictions on advertising, market share, and profitability are consistent with observed outcomes. The model produces the time series behavior for prices and market share observed in the data and not available from existing coordination models. 相似文献
107.
Robert E. Kohn 《Socio》2003,37(3):203-214
This paper examines the case of a good, polluting in consumption, whose pollutive content is restricted by a government with strong environmental policies. When foreign producers are unable to comply with the restrictive environmental standard of such a country, to which they wish to export, they often allege that those standards constitute illegal barriers to free trade. An example of such a good is gasoline, excessively pollutive formulations of which are prohibited from importation into the United States by the 1970 Clean Air Act. Rather than banning them, such imports should be taxed, along with the domestically produced substitute good, according to their respective pollutant contents. This would foster economic efficiency and should be more acceptable to foreign producers than the outright prohibition mandated by the Clean Air Act. The results of this paper reaffirm the argument in a previous article in this journal (Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 29 (1995) 187), though the countries’ roles in the two papers are reversed, that free trade and Pigouvian environmental policies increase international welfare. 相似文献
108.
Charles Blackorby Daniel Primont R. Robert Russell 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,28(3):203-208
We show that the Hotelling–Lau elasticity of substitution, an extension of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity to allow for optimal
output-quantity (or utility) responses to changes in factor prices, inherits all of the failings of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity
identified by Blackorby and Russell [(1989) Am Econ Rev 79: 882–888]. An analogous extension of the Morishima elasticity of
substitution to allow for output quantity changes preserves the salient properties of the original Hicksian notion of elasticity
of substitution.
We thank Paolo Bertoletti for drawing our attention to the issue addressed in this paper and for his comments on an earlier
draft. 相似文献
109.
Group decision-making: Head-count versus intensity of preference 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper puts forth a framework for reshaping the group decision-making process. The proposed framework extends from the usual one-issue-at-a-time decision-making to one that involves several related issues simultaneously. Weaknesses of the traditional majority voting mechanism are first identified, and then a different voting method that takes each individual voter's sentiment into account is discussed. Specifically, a decision-maker is asked to express his/her intensity of preference for the issues encountered. Three hierarchical structures—benefits, costs, and risks—are developed to evaluate the alternatives. Due to the nature of pairwise comparisons and synthesis, the proposed method is amenable to consensus building and has higher reliability and consistency. It can be used for candidate selection, e.g. governmental election, when a large population is involved. It is also effective for resource allocation and prioritization when a small group or business is concerned. We believe the proposed approach has potential for resolving deficiencies of the conventional voting mechanism, and can be applied to many real-world problems. Its implementation on the Internet is also discussed. 相似文献
110.
Implications of variant efficiency measures for policy evaluations in UK higher education 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Colin Glass Author Vitae Gillian McCallion Author Vitae Author Vitae Syamarlah Rasaratnam Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Socio》2006,40(2):119-142
Policy goals in UK higher education encourage the publicly funded universities to become more-specialised and larger in size without compromising output quality. Efficiency gains are expected to flow from this increased specialisation in accordance with universities’ comparative research and teaching strengths. Mergers to reap further gains from economies of scale are also being actively encouraged. Given this scenario, the paper investigates whether best-practice efficiency measurement based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) provides empirical support for the current policy goals. It also assesses whether such support is dependent on the specific type of efficiency measure used in the DEA modelling. This assessment finds that a selection of (nine) commonly used, variant efficiency measures generally support the current policy goals. The paper also uses the principal-agent framework to explore the issues involved in using computed DEA-based efficiency scores for policy evaluations and possible funding guidance in UK higher education. This highlights empirically how policy-makers and universities can have very different preferences about which efficiency measure is to be used for policy evaluations and possible funding guidance. 相似文献