中国农村社区公共物品投资的决定因素分析

本文使用具有全国代表性的抽样调查数据,对农村社区公共物品投资的决定因素进行了初步的分析。本文通过理论分析提出了两个理论假说,进而提出在我国公共投资中要注意的问题:既要考虑各地对公共投资有不同的需求,还要考虑区域协调发展。研究结果表明,除了一些政策因素以外,当地经济发展水平是影响农村公共投资的重要因素,一般来说,在工商业较发达的村公共投资活动也相对较多。对于外出务工人员较多的村,由于本地公共投资对外出务工人员的收入等作用较小,因此这部分村民就不那么愿意对村里进行公共投资。从政策实施角度看,本研究发现,上级政府的公共投资更多地投向贫困地区、偏远山区、农业生产条件差的地区或少数民族地区。这种投资战略有助于统筹区域发展,降低区域差异。     

企业转让制度之比较研究

企业转让是指为了一定的营业目的通过签定合同将企业作为一个有机组织体的全部财产或部分重要财产进行有偿转让的活动。它是企业的所有权在不同的市场主体之间的移转,既不同于货物买卖也不同于企业财产的转让。企业转让制度在《德国商法典》、《日本商法典》和《韩国商法典》中都有专门规定,但在《澳门商法典》中规定的更为全面,主要涉及商号、债权债务关系、竞业禁止和劳动关系内容。建立企业转让制度是市场经济的内在体现,对我国发展经济和解决就业有着重要的现实意义,同时也符合我国建立现代产权制度的要求。     

经营城市的约束因素分析

经营城市,是市场经济和企业管理理论相结合的产物。经营城市的理念是对原有城市管理行为的一次深刻变革,然而该理念却受到城市资源、管理体制、文化等因素的约束。本文从经营城市的基本原理出发,分析了制约经营城市行为的六大约束因素,并有针对性地提出应该从城市技术创新、城市规划、城市文化等方面加强改革力度,促进城市竞争力的提升。     

对网络环境下图书馆编目工作的再认识

本文对网络环境下编目工作发展的新形势、新理念进行了介绍与分析,并提出要建立新的编目工作体系以适应不断更新的新技术发展的要求。     

浅谈知识经济社会的高等职业教育特点

本文分析了知识经济社会的主要特点及其知识经济社会的教育内涵 ;并且结合德国“双元制”教学模式及其对我国高职教育的借鉴和启示 ,重点论述了知识经济社会的高等职业教育的特点和途径。     

Poverty,population and environmental degradation in China

This article examines the relationship between poverty, population, and environmental degradation in China. Environmental conditions include water pollution, deforestation, destruction of grasslands, soil erosion, and salinization. The authors review China's success in controlling environmental degradation through leadership, environmental policies, and institutional capacity. Findings suggest that environmental progress is best achieved indirectly by poverty alleviation, market integration, and population control. Government policies were not very effective. Degradation occurs due to limited financial resources, poorly trained personnel, and political factors. Control of water pollution was instituted since the 1980s. The levels of pollutants have been reduced, but the type of pollutant determines the seriousness of impact. Water pollution is due to industrial wastes, agricultural run-off, and soil erosion. Since the 1970s, reforestation targets have not been met. Technical extension and monitoring of planting is not available in most areas, and private, profit seeking interests control acreage. Grassland destruction is due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, and overgrazing. Independent regional authorities have successfully managed pasture programs. Erosion is the most serious in Loess Plateau, the Red Soils area, the Northeast China Plain, and the Northwest Grasslands, which comprise 70% of total land area. In 1990, erosion control was practiced in 39% of eroded land area. Salinization has remained fairly constant. Environmental controls (direct regulation, planned recovery, and state-mandated technological improvements) are uneven. The main tool for environmental management is the State Environmental Protection Commission and its executive unit, SEPA. Problems stem from vague laws, lack of means of enforcement, lack of coordination of laws, and lack of standards, schedules, and other provisions in ordinances.     

How Often to Sample a Continuous-Time Process in the Presence of Market Microstructure Noise

In theory, the sum of squares of log returns sampled at highfrequency estimates their variance. When market microstructurenoise is present but unaccounted for, however, we show thatthe optimal sampling frequency is finite and derives its closed-formexpression. But even with optimal sampling, using say 5-minreturns when transactions are recorded every second, a vastamount of data is discarded, in contradiction to basic statisticalprinciples. We demonstrate that modeling the noise and usingall the data is a better solution, even if one misspecifiesthe noise distribution. So the answer is: sample as often aspossible.     

美国稳定价值基金探讨

稳定价值基金（Stable Value Fund）通过保证本金和累计利息达到避免净值波动和收益稳定的投资目标，实现货币市场基金高流动性和债券基金更高收益的最佳组合，为投资者提供稳定的投资价值。本文介绍了美国稳定价值基金的发展概况，分析了其运作机制、核心优势及其发展的历史原因，并对稳定价值基金与保本基金做了比较。     

明明白白话治理

治理(governance)已成为现代经济社会的一句口头禅。譬如会计师事务所治理,就是指一整套符合执业机构发展规律的权利安排、责任分工和约束机制。检视整个事务所治理链条,缺少合格的合伙人或领导人队伍无疑是其中最薄弱的一环。我国目前的合伙人构成大约有四种类型:——学者型。这类合伙人原来的身份主要为大学学者、机关企事业单位从事财会、审计工作的高管人员。他们通常具有较高的学历,有较深的理论功底,对新事物的脉动较为敏感。——商人型。这类合伙人只在乎“孔方兄”,名曰一切为了收费。什么“专业形象”,什么“职业操守”,什么“公众…     

审计期望差产生的经济学分析

本文运用经济学的供给和需求分析框架,结合信息经济学理论分析了审计需求和审计供给,剖析了两类审计期望差的成因,认为合理的期望差源于给定审计需求下的审计供给不足,而不合理的期望差源于信息不对称条件下的审计需求过度,提出审计理论上应提倡社会调查等实证研究方法,实务上应改进审计报告的披露内容,以期缩小审计期望差。