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831.
ACCOUNTING FOR HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION: A PROTOTYPE SATELLITE ACCOUNT USING THE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
by J. Steven Landefeld Barbara M. Fraumeni Cindy M. Vojtech 《Review of Income and Wealth》2009,55(2):205-225
This paper presents a satellite account where households are treated as production units. It extends previous work that treats consumer durables as investment and that values nonmarket household production activities such as cooking, cleaning, and childcare. Services from consumer durables and government capital related to household production are also valued. In constructing the updated accounts, this paper incorporates new time use data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the harmonized time use data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS). This paper also discusses and incorporates recommendations made by the U.S. National Academies panel on nonmarket accounts. 相似文献
832.
Wouter J. Den Haan Steven W. Sumner Guy M. Yamashiro 《The Canadian journal of economics》2009,42(3):1150-1175
Abstract . Following a monetary tightening, bank loans to consumers decrease. This is true for both mortgage and non-mortgage loans, and it is true for a tightening by the Bank of Canada that is, and is not, a response to a tightening by the Federal Reserve System. In contrast, business loans increase following a monetary tightening. The 'perverse' response of business loans cannot be explained by an increase in the demand for funds due to a reduction in real activity. These results are consistent with a change in bank portfolio behaviour in favour of business loans in response to a monetary tightening. 相似文献
833.
Glenn C. Blomquist Karen Blumenschein Magnus Johannesson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2009,43(4):473-502
Correction for hypothetical bias using follow up certainty questions often takes one of two forms: (1) two options, “definitely sure” and “probably sure”, or (2) a 10-point scale with 10 very certain. While both have been successful in eliminating hypothetical bias from estimates of WTP by calibrating based on the certainty of yes responses, little is known about the relationship between the two. The purpose of this paper is to compare the two using data from three field experiments in a private good, dichotomous choice format. We compare four types of yes responses that differ in the criterion used to determine if there is sufficient certainty for a hypothetical yes response to be considered a true yes response. We make several comparisons, but focus on determining which values on the 10-point scale give the same estimates of WTP as “definitely sure” hypothetical yeses and real yeses (actual purchases). Values that produce equivalence are near 10 on the certainty scale. 相似文献
834.
We consider the game in which b buyers each seek to purchase 1 unit of an indivisible good from s sellers, each of whom has k units to sell. The good is worth 0 to each seller and 1 to each buyer. Using the central limit theorem, and implicitly convergence
to tied down Brownian motion, we find a closed form solution for the limiting Shapley value as s and b increase without bound. This asymptotic value depends upon the seller size k, the limiting ratio b/ks of buyers to items for sale, and the limiting ratio of the excess supply relative to the square root of the number of market participants.
This work was sponsered in part by NSF Grant DMS-03-01795. 相似文献
835.
The goal of this paper is to introduce a partially adaptive estimator for the grouped-data regression model based on an error
structure described by a mixture of two normal distributions. The model we introduce is easily estimated by maximum likelihood
using the EM algorithm adapted from the work of Bartolucci and Scaccia (Comput Stat Data Anal 48:821–834, 2005). The partially
adaptive estimator is applied to data used by Long and Caudill (Rev Econ Stat 73:525–531, 1991) to examine the impact of intercollegiate
athletics on income. We estimate a variation of the original regression model and find that there is a considerable financial
advantage for those male athletes now working in business management. This finding is consistent with the idea that athletes
acquire team-building and organizational skills that are helpful in business. 相似文献
836.
Regulatory regimes often attempt to introduce quasi-competitive pressures by undertaking comparative efficiency assessments
between the regulated companies and setting company-specific cost reduction targets based on those comparisons. The UK water
industry is one example of such a regime—indeed, it has emphasized the importance of maintaining the number of independent
companies in order to preserve the robustness of the modeling. For example, in 2007, the Competition Commission considered
whether the merger between Mid Kent Water and South East Water might prejudice the ability of the regulator (Ofwat) to make
comparisons across water companies for the purposes of assessing performance and setting price controls. In this paper, we
examine this issue and provide specific recommendations to regulators. Our cross-sectional results show that the impact of
this merger is not significant. We demonstrate that joint estimation of all the sub-models using the ‘seemingly unrelated
regression’ (SUR) procedure in a cross-section and/or panel data framework can dramatically improve the accuracy of the modeling.
Moreover, the merger does not affect the confidence intervals significantly under such approaches, which still remain far
superior to those under Ofwat’s cross-sectional approach. Based on these results, we recommend that Ofwat and other regulators
adopt SUR and/or panel data analysis and thereby reduce their reliance on having sufficient numbers of independent companies. 相似文献
837.
Using survey data of around 10,000 households from 10 OECD countries, we identify the driving factors of household adoption
of water-efficient equipment by estimating Probit models of a household’s probability to invest in such equipment. The results
indicate that environmental attitudes and ownership status are strong predictors of adoption of water-efficient equipment.
In terms of policy, we find that households that were both metered and charged for their water individually had a much higher
probability to invest in water-efficient equipment compared to households that paid a flat fee. 相似文献
838.
We explore the determinants of inspection outcomes across 1.6 million Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) audits from 1990 through 2010. We find that discretion in enforcement differs in state and federally conducted inspections. State agencies are more sensitive to local economic conditions, finding fewer standard violations and fewer serious violations as unemployment increases. Larger companies receive greater lenience in multiple dimensions. Inspector issued fines and final fines, after negotiated reductions, are both smaller during Republican presidencies. Quantile regression analysis reveals that Presidential and Congressional party affiliations have their greatest impact on the largest negotiated reductions in fines. 相似文献
839.
This paper explores how poor working conditions impact sickness absence through their effect on health. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we develop a static theoretical model based on the concept of health capital, wherein poor working conditions are partially compensated by higher wages. According to our model, the effect of working conditions on sickness absence is ambiguous. Second, we apply our model to the case of working time arrangements and test the effect of working irregular schedules or work around the clock on sickness absence, using data from the French Labor Force Survey on a specific population (male manual workers in private sector). As heterogeneity may lead to severe bias, we use propensity score matching methods. Our estimates show that working irregular schedules has a significant impact on sickness absence. The results are more mitigated for work around the clock. In any case, the extent crucially depends on age. 相似文献
840.
C. Imbriani R. Pittiglio F. Reganati E. Sica 《International Advances in Economic Research》2014,20(1):57-72
The absorptive capacity—the ability of enterprises to efficiently absorb and internalise knowledge from outside sources—represents the link between firms’ capabilities to implement new products and the external stock of technological opportunities, such as those gleamed from Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). This paper explores whether the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the productivity of Italian domestically-owned firms (DOFs) is dependent on their absorptive capacity. In particular, given the peculiar characteristics of the Italian productive system, our analysis focuses on three different dimensions of the absorptive capacity: the size of the technological gap between foreign-owned firms (FOFs) and DOFs, firm size, and the regional distribution of firms. Our findings suggest that technological gap and firm size matter considerably for the spillover effect. Moreover, spillovers exhibit a sub-national dimension present only in the northeastern region of the peninsula. 相似文献