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851.
Richard Parker Carol Kaufman‐Scarborough Jon C. Parker 《International Journal of Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Marketing》2007,12(4):320-337
- This study examines librarians' attitudes toward the marketing of library services, as libraries continue their transition to a marketing orientation. Although prior studies had observed misunderstandings and hostility to marketing among librarians, most previous discussions of this topic were either speculative or based on extremely small samples. In order to provide more evidence in this matter, a large‐scale survey of members of the New Jersey Library Association (NJLA) was conducted. A ‘Pro Marketing’ scale was introduced and used to segment participants with respect to their attitudes. The findings indicate that most respondents expressed relatively positive attitudes toward marketing, but that more positive attitudes were expressed by public librarians than school or college/university librarians, and by administrators as opposed to reference and technical services librarians. Illustrative respondent comments and implications for library management are included.
852.
Property rights and information flows: a simulation approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
With the growth of the information economy, the proportion of knowledge-intensive goods to total goods is constantly increasing.
Lessig (The future of ideas: the fate of the commons in a connected world. Vintage, New York 2001) has argued that IPRs have now become too favourable to existing producers and that their ‘winner-take-all’ characteristics
are constraining the creators of tomorrow. In this paper we look at how variations in IPRs regimes might affect the creation
and social cost of new knowledge in economic systems. Drawing on a conceptual framework, the Information Space or I-Space to explore how the uncontrollable diffusibility of knowledge relates to its degree of structure, we deploy an agent-based
modelling approach to explore the issue of IPRs. We take the ability to control the diffusibility of knowledge as a proxy
measure for an ability to establish property rights in such knowledge. Second, we take the rate of obsolescence of knowledge
as a proxy measure for the degree of turbulence induced by different regimes of technical change. Then we simulate the quantity
and cost to society of new knowledge under different property right regimes.
相似文献
Kyeong Seok HanEmail: |
853.
This article analyzes the effect of the cost that an agencymust incur to adopt a new regulation (the "enactment cost")on the agency's incentive to invest in expertise. The effectof the enactment cost on agency expertise depends on whetherthe agency would regulate if it fails to acquire additionalinformation about the regulation's effects. If an uninformedagency would regulate, increasing enactment costs increasesagency expertise; if an uninformed agency would retain the statusquo, increasing enactment costs decreases agency expertise.These results may influence the behavior of an uninformed overseer,such as a court or legislature, that can manipulate the agency'senactment costs. Such an overseer must balance its interestin influencing agency policy preferences against its interestin increasing agency expertise. The article discusses the implicationsof these results for various topics in institutional design,including judicial and executive review of agency regulations,structure-and-process theories of congressional oversight, nationalsecurity, criminal procedure, and constitutional law. 相似文献
854.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 requires audit committees of public companies’ boards of directors to install an anonymous
reporting channel to assist in deterring and detecting accounting fraud and control weaknesses. While it is generally accepted
that the availability of such a reporting channel may reduce the reporting cost of the observer of a questionable act, there
is concern that the addition of such a channel may decrease the overall effectiveness compared to a system employing only
non-anonymous reporting options. The rationale underlying this concern involves the would-be reporter’s likelihood of reporting,
the seriousness with which the organization treats an anonymous report, and the organization’s ability to thoroughly follow-up
the report. Thus, we explore the extent to which the availability of an anonymous reporting channel influences intended use
of non-anonymous reporting channels. Further, in response to Sarbanes–Oxley and the environment of financial scandals that
led to its passage, many firms are strengthening their internal audit departments, and providing them with greater independence
from upper management’s direct control. Accordingly, our examination tests whether the intended use of the internal audit
department as an internal reporting channel is greater when the internal audit department is of “high” versus “low” quality.
Finally, the study investigates intended reporting behavior across three different cases (e.g., settings).
Results show that the existence of an anonymous channel does reduce the likelihood of reporting to non-anonymous channels,
that generally the internal audit department quality does not affect reporting to non-anonymous channels, and that case-setting
affects the type of channel to be used. Implications from the study are discussed. 相似文献
855.
Michael J. Hicks 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(1):77-95
This research estimates fiscal impacts of Wal-Mart in Ohio from 1985 through 2003. Using a panel of counties, and accounting
for spatial autocorrelation in an instrumental variable model I estimate impact of Wal-Mart and Super-Centers on selected
revenues and transfer payments. Among the findings is that the presence of a Wal-Mart increases local commercial property
tax assessments resulting in collection increases of between $350,000 and $1.3 million. There is also an 18–43% reduction
in per capita EITC claims in a county. However, Medicaid expenditures experience growth which amount to roughly 16 additional
cases attributable to a single Wal-Mart. The magnitude and statistical certainty of these findings, suggests that local fiscal
intervention, either through incentives or a “Wal-Mart Tax” is unwarranted.
相似文献
Michael J. HicksEmail: |
856.
Cameron CM Kliewer EV Purdie DM McClure RJ 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2007,14(1):11-18
Priorities for prevention activities and planning for services depend on comprehensive knowledge of the distribution of the injury-related burden in the community. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the effect of being injured, compared with not being injured, on long-term mortality in working age adults. Cohort studies were selected that were population-based, measured mortality post-discharge from inpatient treatment, included a non-injured comparison group and related to working-age adults. Data synthesis was in tabular and text form with a meta-analysis not being possible because of the heterogeneity between studies. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies found an overall positive association between injury and increased mortality. While the greatest excess mortality was evident during the initial period post-injury, increased mortality was shown in some studies to persist for up to 40 years after injury. Due to the limited number of injury types studied and heterogeneity between studies, there is insufficient published evidence on which to calculate population estimates of long-term mortality, where injury is a component cause. The review does suggest there is considerable excess mortality following injury that is not accounted for in current methods of quantifying injury burden, and is not used to assess quality and effectiveness of trauma care. 相似文献
857.
Portuguese Economic Journal - We review the contribution of “The Log of Gravity” (Santos Silva and Tenreyro, Rev Econ Stat 88:641–658, 2006), summarize the main results in the... 相似文献
858.
Many nations have undergone significant trade liberalization even as they have increased their use of contingent protection measures. This raises the question of whether some of the trade liberalization efforts, at times accomplished through painful reforms, have been undone through a substitution from tariffs to non‐tariff barriers. Among the new forms of protection, antidumping is the most relevant. This paper examines whether the use of antidumping is systematically influenced by the reduction of applied sectoral tariffs in a sample of 29 developing and six developed countries from 1991 through 2002. Evidence is found of a substitution effect only for a small set of heavy users of antidumping among developing countries. There is no similar statistically significant result for other developing countries or developed countries. Robust evidence is also found of retaliation and deflection effects as determinant of antidumping filings across all subsamples. 相似文献
859.
860.