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901.
Cross-cultural research (CCR) is extremely important for advancing understanding of the range and limits of theoretical constructs and frameworks across different cultural contexts. CCR also provides an important understanding of the differences between countries and cultures. This commentary essay examines the review conducted by Engelen and Brettel (2010) and comments on shortcomings, as well as identifying areas where more needs to be done. A critical first step is to properly define the unit of analysis. This step is particularly critical as the concept of “national culture” is becoming increasingly less relevant and the appropriate culture unit for examination is often a smaller, more homogeneous grouping within a given geographic location. This view allows more meaningful inferences to be made and controls for possible contextual confounds, as well as providing a richer understanding of the limits of national culture in an increasingly global economy. 相似文献
902.
Michael Berlemann 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2011,91(12):858-862
Selten hat die Vergabe des Preises für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der schwedischen Reichsbank eine so kritische Diskussion
ausgel?st wie in diesem Jahr. W?hrend das Preiskomitee die Leistungen von Thomas Sargent und Christopher Sims auf dem Gebiet
der empirischen Makro?konomik würdigt, sehen Kritiker in ihnen Mainstream-Theoretiker, die Politikineffektivit?t predigen
und an effi ziente M?rkte glauben. Nach ihrer Auffassung ist die Vergabe gerade vor dem Hintergrund der Finanzkrise der letzten
Jahre hochgradig problematisch. Hat sich das Preiskomitee tats?chlich geirrt oder ist die Kritik letztlich unberechtigt? 相似文献
903.
Markus C. Kerber 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2011,91(9):625-633
Die politische Unabh?ngigkeit der Europ?ischen Zentralbank wurde in den entsprechenden Vertr?gen gesichert. Wie sieht es aber
mit ihrer Rechtsbindung aus? Wer kann die EZB vor Gericht aufgrund von Pfl ichtverletzungen verklagen und ist dies grunds?tzlich
überhaupt m?glich? Diesen Fragen geht der Autor hier nach. Er widmet den Beitrag Ernst-Joachim Mestm?cker zu seinem 85. Geburtstag
am 25. September. 相似文献
904.
Karin Holm-Müller Michael Weber Peter Hennicke Tobias Schleicher Andreas Löschel Claudia Kemfert 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2011,91(5):295-313
Nach der Atomkatastrophe in Fukushima hat die Bundesregierung beschlossen, bis Mitte Juni die Zukunft der Atomenergie in Deutschland
zu überdenken. Dabei k?nnen unterschiedlich weitgehende Szenarien betrachtet werden. Sie reichen von einer Rücknahme der im
letzten Herbst beschlossenen Laufzeitverl?ngerung bis hin zum vollkommenen Ausstieg aus der Kernkraft. Die Autoren vertreten
grunds?tzlich die Auffassung, dass die wirtschaftlichen Folgen eines Atomausstiegs zu bew?ltigen sind. Mit einer Steigerung
der Energiepreise muss allerdings gerechnet werden — wie deutlich diese ausf?llt, und welche Referenzwerte herangezogen werden
müssen, h?ngt von vielen Faktoren ab. 相似文献
905.
In light of the shortcomings of the Stability and Growth Pact, there has been a recognition that a surveillance framework
is needed which goes beyond fiscal issues to cover wider macroeconomic factors. The question arises whether the surveillance
and connected reform criteria should be applied symmetrically, to all members of the eurozone, or whether they should specifically
target countries with current account deficits. 相似文献
906.
The activities of misbehaving customers represent a significant problem for organizations across diverse sectors and industries. Customer misbehavior signifies behavior within the exchange setting that deliberately violates the generally accepted norms of conduct in such situations. The core aim of this study is to advance understanding of the antecedents to past customer misbehavior and examine the relationship between past misbehavior and future misbehavior intentions. Although prior studies offer insights into individual events or types of customer misbehavior, to date, empirical evidence of the antecedents to past misbehaviors and future behavioral intentions is lacking. Synthesizing literature from varied theoretical backgrounds, this study puts forth five personality-based variables (consumer alienation, Machiavellianism, sensation seeking, aggressiveness, and self-esteem) and four demographic variables (gender, income, age, and education) as antecedents to past customer misbehavior. In turn, this study reveals an association between past customer misbehavior and future misbehavior intent. Structural equation modeling procedures using a sample of 380 respondents reveals support for eight of the nine specified hypotheses. The article concludes with a discussion of the study's implications for theory and practice. 相似文献
907.
The Encyclical-Letter Caritas in Veritate by Pope Benedict XVI suggests to advance towards a new conceptualization of the tenuous relationship between economics and
ethics, proposing a “new humanistic synthesis.” Where social encyclicals have traditionally justified policy proposals by natural law and theological reasoning alone,
Caritas in Veritate gives great relevance to economic arguments. The encyclical defines the framework for a new business ethics which appreciates
allocative and distributive efficiency, and thus both markets and institutions as improving the human condition, but locates
their source and reason outside the economic sphere. It places a clear accent on the ontological connectedness of the economic
and ethical dimensions of human action. It is the proper ordering of means towards the end of integral human development that
allows mankind to leave a vicious circle of consumerism and enter a virtuous circle that applies the creativity fostered by
markets. This vision implies a new model of business management that integrates considerations of vocation, purpose, and values
at a theological level. 相似文献
908.
This conceptual article suggests a reexamination of current governance structures, specifically those of unitary boards after
the financial crisis of 2008. We suggest that the existing governance structures are based on an outdated paradigm of business,
rooted in economics. We propose an alternative paradigm, a more humanistic paradigm, which allows conceiving alternative,
network-oriented governance structures. As hierarchical firms grow larger and more complex, the risk of failure increases
from biases, errors, and missing data in communication and control systems. These problems are exacerbated by information
overload on senior managers, directors, and their respective regulators. In contrast to traditional corporate governance,
network governance introduces a division of power via multiple boards, checks and balances, and active stakeholder engagement.
We argue that those features could have prevented the stresses and failures of financial firms in 2008, since they were anticipated
by both individuals within firms and external commentators. However, those exposed to risks possessed insufficient influence
in either governing and/or regulating firms to take corrective action. 相似文献
909.
Patricia H. Werhane Laura P. Hartman Dennis Moberg Elaine Englehardt Michael Pritchard Bidhan Parmar 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,100(1):103-118
There are important synergies for the next generation of ethical leaders based on the alignment of modified or adjusted mental models. This entails a synergistic application of moral imagination through collaborative input and critique, rather than “me too” obedience. In this article, we will analyze the Milgram results using frameworks relating to mental models (Werhane et al., Profitable partnerships for poverty alleviation, 2009), as well as work by Moberg on “ethics blind spots” (Organizational Studies 27(3):413–428, 2006), and by Bazerman and Chugh on “bounded awareness” (Harvard Business Review, 2006; Mind &; Society 6:1–18, 2007) Using these constructs to examine the Milgram experiment, we will argue that the ways in which the experiments are framed, the presence of an authority figure, the appeal to the authority of science, and the situation in which the naïve participant finds herself or himself, all create a bounded awareness, a narrow blind spot that encourages a climate for obedience, brackets out the opportunity to ask the moral question: “Am I hurting another fellow human being?” and may preclude the subject from utilizing moral imagination to opt out of the experiment. We will conclude that these forms of almost blind obedience to authority are correctable, but with difficulty. We will argue that linking the modification of mental models to an unbinding of awareness represents an important synergistic relationship and one that can build effectively on the lessons learned from our experience with moral imagination. 相似文献
910.
Michael L. Capella Cynthia Webster Brian R. Kinard 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》2011,28(3):269-279
Because of the inconsistency in the findings from past decades of research and the lack of consensus regarding the relationship between advertising exposure and cigarette consumption, the large body of extant research on the effectiveness of cigarette advertising has generated equivocal conclusions on this subject. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of cigarette advertising research to determine what impact, if any, cigarette advertising has on cigarette consumption. Unlike previous attempts to synthesize the cigarette advertising literature, this study examined three specific levels of the criterion (i.e., initiation, continuation, and brand behavior) rather than examining only aggregate consumption. 相似文献