社会网络理论视角下的客户保持策略

营销渠道成员关系管理是营销理论界和实践工作近年来十分关注的焦点问题，这其中渠道成员关系保持又是关系管理的核心问题。制造商有效地保持与经销商的交易关系，能够使双方交易关系长期稳定，这种长期稳定的交易关系是制造商营销渠道稳定和高效的基础，它将给制造商带来巨大的竞争优势。我们认为，客户保持就是指制造商维护已建立的客户关系，使客户不断重复购买产品或服务的过程。客户关系则是指从供应商角度来看的制造商与客户之间的商务关系。     

Restricted maximum likelihood estimation under Eisenhart model Ill

For a balanced two-way mixed model, the maximum likelihood (ML) and restricted ML (REML) estimators of the variance components were obtained and compared under the non-negativity requirements of the variance components by L ee and K apadia (1984). In this note, for a mixed (random blocks) incomplete block model, explicit forms for the REML estimators of variance components are obtained. They are always non-negative and have smaller mean squared error (MSE) than the analysis of variance (AOV) estimators. The asymptotic sampling variances of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimators and the REML estimators are compared and the balanced incomplete block design (BIBD) is considered as a special case. The ML estimators are shown to have smaller asymptotic variances than the REML estimators, but a numerical result in the randomized complete block design (RCBD) demonstrated that the performances of the REML and ML estimators are not much different in the MSE sense.     

Performance lies are hazardous to organizational health

Performance lies arise both from individual and from situational causes, but in this article, the attention is on situational causes. These are generally triggered by loyalty to the coalition, which is expressed through the continued use of performance lies. Because performance lies help create a boundary around the coalition that insulates its activities from top management, performance lies enable members of the coalition to exercise a greater degree of internal control. Naturally, such lies are dysfunctional, resulting in the avoidance of difficult issues and problems and compromising the organization's ability to adapt to a changing environment based on accurate information.     

A Note on Minimax Mixture of Distributions Free Procedure for Inventory Model with Variable Lead Time

In recent papers, Moon and Choi (1998) and Hariga and Ben-Daya (1999)considered a continuous review inventory model with a mixture of backordersand lost sales in which the lead time, the order quantity, and the reorder pointare decision variables was studied. Moreover, they also develop a minimaxdistribution free procedure for the problem. While the demands of differentcustomers are not identical in the lead time, then we can't only use a singledistribution (such as Moon & Choi (1998) and Hariga & Ben-Daya (1999))to describe the demand of the lead time. Hence, we correct and extend the modelof Moon and Choi (1998) and Hariga and Ben-Daya (1999) by considering thelead time demand with the mixture of distributions. In addition, we also applythe minimax mixture of distributions free approach to the model by simultaneouslyoptimizing the order quantity, the reorder point, and the lead time to devise a practical procedure which can be used without specific information on demand distribution.     

变集体所有为公共所有的新型土地生产关系创制

创制一种新型土地生产关系的目的是为了超越责任制的局限，建立产权和经营权之间的有效连结机制，从而为城乡统筹意义上的共同富裕提供相应的经济基础。这种创制的基本途径是革新土地的集体所有制，并以由此而得到的产权落实为新型合作经济提供必要的资格保证。本文认为，创制新型土地生产关系包括设置土地委员会、实行产权的物权化，以及建立新型合作经济等方面的内容。     

项目管理承包模式中相关费用和激励问题

当今工程项目日趋大型化和复杂化,项目管理承包(ProjectM anage-m entContract,PM C)作为一种新型的工程项目管理模式近年来不断发展完善,已经成为一种深受业主青睐、特别适合于超大型项目管理的模式。随着我国加入W TO,国内工程公司加快了与国际先进管理模式接轨的步伐。越来越多的大型中外合资项目和外商独资项目引入PM C模式。目前,中国石化与巴斯夫(BASF)合作的杨巴项目、中国石化与英国石油(BP)合作的赛科项目、中国海洋石油与壳牌(SHELL)合资的南海石化项目等一大批超大型的工程项目已经采用了PM C作为项目建设管理的模式…     

注册会计师审计制度中的民事赔偿机制分析

在现代市场经济中,尤其是在证券市场条件下,注册会计师及其事务所承担的独立审计业务发挥着重要的经济监督作用。一套有效的民事责任赔偿机制是注册会计师及其事务所正确履行其审计职责的重要保证,本文对注册会计师审计业务中的民事赔偿机制相关问题作具体分析。一、注册会计师在审计业务中为什么应承担民事赔偿责任首先,在市场经济体制中,注册会计师所承担的审计业务具有民间性和独立性的特点,是一种独立经济主体之间通过自主协商而进行的民事经济合同行为。这就使得注册会计师在执行审计业务(即履行委托合同)中负有对委托人和被审计对象的…     

Revealed preference and differentiable demand

Summary. We prove that, for finitely many demand observations, the Strong Axiom of Revealed Preference tests not only the existence of a strictly concave, strictly monotone and continuous utility generator, but also one that generates an infinitely differentiable demand function. Our results extend those of previous related results (Matzkin and Richter, 1991; Chiappori and Rochet, 1987), yielding differentiable demand functions but without requiring differentiable utility functions.Received: 1 November 2001, Revised: 5 February 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D11, D12. Correspondence to: Kam-Chau WongThis is a much revised version of Lee and Wong (2001). We are grateful to the Referee for valuable suggestions. We also thank Professor Marcel K. Richter for his comments.     

政府信息化项目的策略模式选择

政府信息化项目的策略模式选择,对于降低政府信息化投资风险与投资成本、提高效益水平至关重要。以信息化项目的全生命周期为分析视角,探讨了政府信息化项目在各个环节可选择的各种策略模式,分析了不同策略模式的特点,并给出了策略模式选择的建议。     

论企业物流成本管理

进入21世纪后,企业通过在生产领域降低成本获得竞争优势的空间已非常狭小,无疑,物流管理成为当前企业最重要的竞争领域。文中通过对企业物流成本现状进行分析,提出加强物流成本管理、降低流通费用、建立科学的物流成本核算体系的方法,从企业综合管理角度和物流方向各环节进行物流成本管理和控制,以获取市场竞争优势。