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181.
The Role of Corporate Boards: A Roundtable Discussion of Where We're Going and Where We've Been 下载免费PDF全文
In this roundtable that took place at the 2016 Millstein Governance Forum at Columbia Law School, four directors of public companies discuss the changing role and responsibilities of corporate boards. In response to increasingly active investors who are looking to management and boards for more information and greater accountability, the four panelists describe the growing demands on boards for both competence and commitment to the job. Despite considerable improvements since the year 2000, and especially since the 2008 financial crisis, the clear consensus is that U.S. corporate directors must become more like owners of the corporation who “truly represent the long‐term interests of all of the shareholders.” But if activist investors appear to pose the most formidable new challenge for corporate directors—one that has the potential to lead to shortsighted managerial decision‐making—there has been another, less visible development that should be welcomed by wellrun companies that are investing in their future growth as well as meeting investors’ expectations for current performance. According to Raj Gupta, who serves on the boards of HewlettPackard, Delphi Automotive, Arconic, and the Vanguard Group,
相似文献
182.
183.
Vipin Gupta Nancy Levenburg Lynda Moore Jaideep Motwani Thomas V. Schwarz 《Journal Of African Business》2013,14(2):146-162
This paper examines the impact of culture on family businesses in two regions of Africa: sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle Eastern region. Nine cross-culturally comparable “etic” dimensions are used to assess characteristics of family firms in both regions, based on the Culturally-sensitive Assessment System and Education (CASE) project. Overall, the characteristics of family businesses in the regions are associated with their distinctive cultures. Several commonalities are found; however, the observed differences suggest directions for the African family businesses to become the engines for national and regional development. Implications for further research and for practice are identified. 相似文献
184.
Research and development (R&D) managers' perceptions of both marketing information and marketing managers are analyzed using an information and source credibility framework. The findings are based on a study of R&D directors in 80 technology-intensive companies and focus on activities and interactions during the new product development process. The authors found that the R&D managers' perceptions differed significantly in high and low integration companies. These perceptions also were influenced by various organizational practices. The R&D-marketing cooperation was highest where organizational practices were conducive to cooperation and R&D perceived marketing input as credible. Several implications for creating a corporate climate conducive to interfunctional cooperation are developed. 相似文献
185.
Computable general equilibrium models are used to study the short-run impact of fluctuating primary commodity prices on the economies of Columbia, Ivory Coast and Kenya. The results indicate that these economies are destabilized by primary commodity price fluctuations unless governments act to hold real domestic absorption constant. To achieve this, however, would require foreign exchange reserves in excess of the level normally available to these governments for the purpose of stabilizing domestic economic activity. 相似文献
186.
This paper presents a new method for utilizing the statistical cost technique to measure minimum efficient scale (MES), returns to scale and suboptimal capacity. An application of the duality theory between cost and homothetic production functions leads to justification for ignoring poor quality or unavailable capital data and the pooling of several years observations to improve the efficiency of the estimates. The methodology is applied to 91 four-digit Canadian manufacturing industries to obtain estimates of MES, returns to scale, and suboptimal capacity. For a subsample of industries, we demonstrate that the cost function estimates of MES and returns to scale are more closely related to engineering estimates than are the ad hoc estimates usually found in the industrial organization literature. 相似文献
187.
Zusammenfassung Ein Test der Effizienz von Warenterminm?rkten. — In Reaktion auf die UNCTAD-Pl?ne zur Stabilisierung von Rohstoffpreisen durch
beh?rdliche Ausgleichslager hat sich die Diskussion um Warenterminm?rkte als alternative, marktkonforme Stabilisierungsinstrumente
erneut entfacht. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für den stabilisierenden EinfluΒ der Termingesch?fte auf die Kassapreise von
Rohstoffen ist, daΒ die Terminm?rkte ?effizient? sind, d. h., die Terminmarktpreise s?mtliche jeweilig verfügbare Information
widerspiegeln. In diesem Aufsatz wird die Effizienz der Terminm?rkte für fünf wichtige Rohstoffe (Kupfer, Zinn, Zucker, Kakao
und Kaffee) des UNCTAD-Programms getestet. Dazu werden ARIMAZeitreihenmodelle der Kassapreise gesch?tzt und die Entwicklungen
ex post vorhergesagt. Die so gewonnenen Ex-post-Prognosen sind effiziente Vorhersagen, da die Modelle alle systematischen
Komponenten einer Zeitreihe erfassen, so daΒ der unerkl?rte Rest zufallsverteilt ist. Ein Vergleich zwischen dem mittleren
quadrierten Vorhersageirrtum der Prognosemodelle und dem der Warenterminm?rkte zeigt, daΒ die Terminm?rkte in allen F?llen
künftige Entwicklungen ebensogut oder besser anzeigen als die Modelle. Folglich kann die Hypothese, daΒ die untersuchten M?rkte
im oben beschriebenen Sinn effizient sind, nicht verworfen werden.
Résumé Un test de l’efficacité des marchés á terme des matières premières. — cet article nous faisons un test ?demi-fort? sur l’efficacité de marché pour cinq matières — le cuivre, l’étain, le sucre, le cacao et le café — pour lesquelles la CNUCED a proposé de stabiliser les prix par des schemes des stocks régulateurs. Les résultats indiquent que, pour la période observée, on ne peut pas refuser 1’ hypothèse que les marchés á terme de ces matières premières sont efficaces dans le sens que le marché emploie toutes les informations publiquement disponibles en formant les expectatives sur les prix au comptant futurs. Nous concluons que la stabilisation des prix au comptant de quelques matières premières pourrait être regardée comme alternative favorable vis-á-vis les schemes des stocks régulateurs de la CNUCED.
Resumen El test de la eficiencia de mercados a futuro de productos primarios. — En este articulo se realiza un test de eficiencia de mercado de forma ?semi-fuerte? para cinco productos, espedficamente, cobre estafio, azücar, cacao, y café, cuyos precios UNCTAD ha propuesto estabilizar a través de esquemas de stocks amortiguadores. Los resultados indican que para el periodo estudiado, la hip?tesis de que los mercados a futuro para estos productos son eflcientes en el sentido de que el mercado emplea toda la informacion que se puede obtener püblicamente, informando sobre expectativas de los precios puntuales futuros, no puede ser rechazada. Se concluye entonces, que la estabilización de los precios puntuales para algunos productos primarios a través de mercados a futuro puede ser considerada como una alternativa favorable frente a los esquemas de Stocks amortiguadores de UNCTAD.相似文献
188.
Delphi is a popular, long-range, qualitative forecasting technique that has been extensively applied to a wide variety of problems in different domains. Since the method was conceived in the early 1950s at the Rand Corporation, different variations of Delphi have evolved in an effort to meet the unique forecasting needs of different decision makers. This bibliographic study surveys the literature on the methodology and applications of Delphi over a period of two decades (1975–1994). A total of 463 papers were identified out of which 254 papers treat Delphi as a primary subject while the remaining 209 papers treat Delphi as a secondary subject. The study concludes with a brief commentary on the Delphi technique that may be useful for researchers and practitioners in qualitative forecasting. 相似文献
189.
Carol E. Brown Uma G. Gupta 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》1994,3(3):205-221
Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is rapidly emerging as a rich and powerful artificial intelligence approach that can overcome some inherent weaknesses of traditional expert system technology. Several successful CBR systems have been developed in a variety of fields and CBR applications are beginning to emerge in accounting research and practice as well. As sophisticated and user-friendly CBR shells emerge, CBR is more likely to be used to solve complex, real-world problems. This paper provides a broad overview of case-based systems and the principles on which the field is founded. Accounting applications of case-based reasoning and future research issues are identified. 相似文献
190.
Usha Gupta 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2008,41(3):315-326
This study estimates the monetary benefits to individuals from health damages avoided if air pollution is reduced in the urban
industrial city of Kanpur in India. A notable feature of this study is that it uses data from weekly health-diaries collected
for three seasons. For measuring monetary benefits, the study considers two major components of health cost that is incurred
due to adverse effects of air pollution on health i.e., the loss in wages due to workdays lost from work and the expenditure
incurred on mitigating activities. The study estimates that a representative working individual from Kanpur would gain Rs.
165.47 per year if air pollution were reduced to a safe level. The extrapolated annual benefits for the entire population
in the city are Rs. 224.55 million. 相似文献