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21.
Objectives: In China, both human urinary kallindinogenase (HUK) and 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) are recommended for clinical use to improve cerebral blood circulation during an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The objective was to evaluate the economic value of HUK vs NBP for patients with AIS from a Chinese payer’s perspective.Methods: An economic evaluation based on data of patients who have been treated with either HUK (n?=?488) or NBP (n?=?885) from a prospective, phase IV, multi-center, clinical registry study (Chinese Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment Outcome Registry, CASTOR) was conducted to analyze the cost and effectiveness of HUK vs NBP for AIS in China. Before the analysis, the patients were matched using propensity score. Both a cost-minimization analysis and a cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted to compare the matched pairs. A bootstrapping exercise was conducted for the matched arms to demonstrate the probability of one intervention being cost-effective over another for a given willingness-to-pay for an extra quality-adjusted life-year (QALY).Results: After propensity score matching, 463 pairs were matched. The overall medical cost in the HUK arm is USD 2,701.20, while the NBP arm is USD 3,436.83, indicating HUK is preferred with cost-minimization analysis. Although the QALY gained in the HUK arm (0.77176) compared with the NBP arm (0.76831) is statistically insignificant (p?=?.4862), the cost-effectiveness analysis as exploratory analysis found that, compared with NBP, HUK is a cost-saving strategy with the lower costs of USD 735.63 and greater QALYs gained of 0.00345. Among the 5,000 bootstrapping replications, 100% indicates that HUK is cost-effective compared with NBP under a 1-time-GDP threshold; and 97.12% indicates the same under a 3-time-GDP threshold.Conclusion: This economic evaluation study indicates that administrating HUK is a cost-saving therapy compared with NBP for managing blood flow during AIS in the Chinese setting. 相似文献
22.
Joint space multidimensional scaling maps are often utilized for positioning analyses and are estimated on survey samples
of consumer preferences, choices, considerations, or intentions so as to provide a concise spatial depiction of the competitive
landscape including relevant dimensions or attributes, competing brands, and consumers in the same joint space representation.
Care has to be given concerning the underlying scale properties of such survey data so as not to distort the resulting joint
space positioning map. We present a new joint space multidimensional scaling procedure for positioning analyses for displaying
the structure in such survey data when such common ordered successive category measurement scales such as Likert, Edwards,
semantic differential, etc., are employed. We present the technical details of this stochastic ordered preference multidimensional
scaling vector model as well as the maximum likelihood estimation-based algorithm devised for parameter estimation. Favorable
comparisons are made with several existent multidimensional scaling methods in representing the internal structure for such
data in marketing positioning studies. An actual commercial positioning application concerning large sports utility vehicles
consideration to buy judgments is presented with predictive validation comparisons with other multidimensional scaling joint
space procedures. 相似文献
23.
安徽省旅游企业信息化管理的重点和难点 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
信息化是当今世界经济和社会发展的趋势,为全球经济发展提供了新的生产力.为了加快安徽省旅游信息化的建设,根据目前安徽省旅游信息化的现状,站在旅游行业的高度,对旅游行业供应链、价值链进行重新设计,并就重点和难点问题展开专题研究. 相似文献
24.
改革开放30年兵团农业发展回顾 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1978年,以中共十一届三中全会为标志,伟大的中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民在中华大地上拉开了改革开放的序幕.该文主要就改革开放30年来兵团农业发展历程和发展成就进行了回顾,并对改革开放30年来兵团农业发展的经验进行了总结. 相似文献
25.
Vithala?R.?Rao S.?Abraham Ravid Richard?T.?Gretz Jialie?Chen Suman?Basuroy 《Marketing Letters》2017,28(3):341-355
We analyze the contents of print ads in the motion picture industry (e.g., number of reviews quoted in the ad, the presence of a top reviewer, size of the ad, star, director, etc.). We find that external validation (a recommendation by a top reviewer) is more important to revenues than the informative content of the ad. 相似文献
26.
中国股市的周期性波动与价值投资的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中国股市由于世界经济发展周期、国家政策变动、信息流动机制和所处发展阶段等原因存在较强的周期性波动。实证研究表明月度上证指数对数序列满足随机游走模型假定。BP滤波方法确定上证指数存在明显的2~3年的循环周期。通过选取具有代表性的行业股票在股市周期波动中进行周期性的价值投资,结果显示大部分产业的收益率跑赢大盘,但在不同发展时期所密集使用的要素集聚产业则可享受估值溢价和获得超额收益。 相似文献
27.
Vijay Mahajan Vithala R. Rao Rajendra K. Srivastava 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》1994,11(3):221-235
Many firms acquire other firms with well-known and proven brands to hedge against the high costs and risks of new product development. A critical question in these acquisition decisions involves the assessment of the importance of brand equity to the acquiring firm. Since the brand equity benefits can vary by firm (and also by the decision maker within a firm) a critical question is how can one systematically decipher the effect of brand equity in acquisition decisions. Using the balance model [8,15], Vijay Mahajan, Vithala Rao, and Rajendra Srivastava present a methodology to determine the importance of brand equity in acquisition decisions. By capturing the idiosyncratic perceived importance of brand equity of every decision maker involved in acquisition decisions, the methodology enables members of a committee within a firm to understand and reconcile their differences in evaluating potential acquisitions. This methodology is applied in a pilot study for the all-suites segment of the hotel industry with data collected from senior executives of five major hotel chains. The authors also discuss benefits, limitations, and further extensions of the suggested approach. 相似文献
28.
An operational upset caused by a diapharagm failure in the high pressure casting of the synthesis gas compressor resulted in major pressure/flow surges in the synthesis loop. 相似文献
29.
西部地区要缩小乃至消除与东部地区的发展差距,唯一的选择只能是不断加快自身发展步伐,走追赶型、跨越式发展的道路.当前的关键是要走好第一步,即实现资源优势向经济优势的顺利转化.六盘水市在区域经济发展中有得天独厚的矿产等资源的比较优势,只有确立正确的资源开发战略原则,才能实现资源优势向经济优势的顺利转化. 相似文献
30.
One issue facing any country or region concerns its price competitiveness as a package tour destination. One method of measuring this is to use what in other contexts has been referred to as the Big Mac approach. The “Big Mac” is a simple product with ingredients in fixed proportions, whereas the tourism product is a very complex one comprising different components depending on tourist expenditure patterns. There is no equivalent tourism product offered across countries, as the nature of the product is tailored to the origin market, expenditure levels and the length of the trip involved. The key issue is that of how to standardize the products being compared, so as to determine their relative price competitiveness. A method of constructing price competitiveness indexes, developed by the authors, can be applied to develop measures of the price competitiveness of different tour packages. This paper has three aims: To set down the essence of the preferred approach to measuring price competitiveness, noting its advantages and limitations; to employ this approach to construct price competitiveness indexes for package tours to Australia from Japan and the USA; and to indicate areas for farther research into the price competitiveness of package tourism worldwide. 相似文献