Contracting and Reporting Conservatism around a Change in Fiduciary Duties*

We exploit an influential 1991 Delaware court ruling to examine simultaneously two types of conservatism that play important roles in resolving creditor–owner agency conflicts: contracting conservatism and reporting conservatism. The ruling expanded managerial fiduciary duties in favor of creditors for Delaware-incorporated firms in the vicinity of insolvency. In those firms, following the ruling, debt contracts are less likely to include conservative adjustments to accounting numbers used for covenant compliance (i.e., contracting conservatism decreases), while public financial reporting becomes more conservative (i.e., reporting conservatism increases). The decrease in contracting conservatism is concentrated in firms that exhibit a greater increase in reporting conservatism, suggesting that reporting conservatism is more cost-effective in resolving agency conflicts. In addition, the substitution effect is more pronounced in firms facing greater business uncertainty and firms with greater board independence.     

When Do Qualitative Risk Disclosures Backfire? The Effects of a Mismatch in Hedge Disclosure Formats on Investors' Judgments

Disclosure standards mandate the quantitative disclosure of hedging‐instrument‐related risks but not the disclosure of hedged‐item‐related risks. We examine how a match (mismatch) in formats, caused by making quantitative (qualitative) hedged item disclosures alongside quantitative hedging instrument disclosures, affects investors' integration of information from these two related disclosures. Our first experiment varies the hedged item disclosure format (quantitative or qualitative) and the portion of risk hedged (small or large). We find that when disclosure formats are mismatched, the less comparable nature of the two disclosures caused investors to neglect the offsetting relationship when assessing net risks. As a result, risk and investment judgments were influenced by the more prominent quantitative hedging instrument disclosures. Our second experiment finds that the use of a qualitative debiaser that clarifies the relationship between the two disclosures led to the integration of information and mitigated this effect.     

企业价值转移和资本结构:一项实证分析

本文选取2001年沪深A股677家上市公司的市场和财务数据,首先检验两个指标是否具有显著相关性:市值规模比和长期负债比率。并按价值转移理论,利用市值规模比把677家上市公司划分为三组:价值流入期、价值稳定期和价值流出期。实证研究处于不同价值转移阶段企业资本结构的特点。     

三级综合医院开展中西医结合防治肝病研究的价值

本文通过理论研究和市场调研,得出中西医结合是治疗肝病的有效途径,三级综合医院开展中西医结合防治肝病研究,不仅能够提高社会效益,而且可提高经济效益,具有较高的价值。     

校企合作“订单式”人才培养模式探索和实践

推进工学结合、校企合作,建构适应社会经济发展的职业教育人才培养模式已经成为当前高等职业教育改革与发展的突出问题。本文以我院开设的"苏宁物流订单班"作为研究个案,深度讨论分析了"订单班"的办学思路及实施方法,以及在实施"订单式"人才培养模式中政府、企业和学校三者的利益关系;最后,对如何完善校企合作、订单培养提出对策和建议。     

The nexus between sustainable practices in hotels and future Gen Y hospitality students’ career path decisions

This study explored tertiary hospitality students’ attitudes and overall perceptions about green and sustainable practices; and how these may impact their future career paths in the hotel industry. A thematic analysis with data from 12 semi-structured interviews with students in a hotel management school in Australia was used to identify patterns and interpretive themes. Results revealed positive attitudes among Generation Y hospitality students towards working in a green and sustainable hotel environment. Implications highlight the need for sustainability education in the curriculum of tertiary education providers and strong emphasis on sustainability practices in employee training programs. The results also suggest possible impacts of sustainability practices in recruiting and hiring in the hospitality industry and how this may affect future hospitality employees and leaders.     

施工合同管理问题及处理研究

施工合同是发包人支付工程款,承包人进行建设的合同。施工合同管理,即合同的订立、履行、变更、索赔和纠纷解决等。在经济全球化和科技高速发展的背景下,合同管理不仅是一个简化的签字盖章问题,它与工程项目"质量、进度、造价、安全"四大控制目标同等重要,是工程项目管理的重要内容。因此,从理论和实际出发,都急切对这一问题进行深入的研究解决,从而建立与清单计价相适应的《施工合同示范文本》,加强清单计价下施工过程合同管理,提高工程项目管理的水平。     

An Investigation into the Potential Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in the United States: Implications and Implementation

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been adopted by most of the G20 countries. Given the broad worldwide acceptance of IFRS and significance of attaining comparability to facilitate free flow of capital, the US standard setter, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) made a commitment to jointly work with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to explore the possibilities of convergence of US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) with IFRS. In 2007, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) eliminated the requirement that foreign companies listed on the US stock exchanges reconcile their IFRS‐based financial statements with the US GAAP. In the same year the US SEC issued a concept release to the public requesting comments on a proposal to allow US issuers to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS. Following these initiatives by the FASB and SEC, the aim of the present study is to investigate the implications of a potential full adoption of IFRS by the US. The present study details the challenges and benefits of adoption and outlines the steps required for a successful outcome of this process.     

国有企业经营者薪酬激励效应的实证研究

薪酬机制是国有企业改革中的难点问题,如何发挥薪酬作为国有企业经营者提升企业业绩的激励作用更是建立科学、公平的国有企业薪酬机制的焦点问题。文章通过对2005年～2006年国有上市公司的实证分析得到企业规模、净资产收益率、所在区域、国家股比例和经营者任期是国有企业经营者薪酬水平的决定因素,而独立董事和监事会并没有发挥应有作用。对薪酬激励效应实证的结果表明,国有企业经营者年薪和持股比例的激励效应较强,高管团队的薪酬差距也有助于企业业绩提升。     

How Might Companies Value ESOs?

There has been a steady growth in the use of employee equity compensation plans, and in the use of executive stock options (ESOs) in particular, along with a rise in shareholder and public perceptions that the values of compensation plans are not always fully disclosed. The IFSA of Australia recently called for separate reporting in financial statements of numbers and values of ESOs. Companies, when negotiating employment contracts, frequently agree to compensate an executive if a share option plan is subsequently not approved by shareholders. These facts suggest that reporting the value of an ESO plan is a useful and important exercise. We outline a model for the valuation of ESOs typically issued by Australian listed companies and illustrate the application of the model with a case study.