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91.
Consumers' positive dispositions relating to foreign countries, cultures, and products are an important yet under-researched topic, compared against the volume of research on consumers' negative dispositions towards the same. Cosmopolitanism, conceptualized as a general dispositional orientation reflecting an affinity for cultural diversity and the proclivity to master it, garners increasing attention as a variable for international market segmentation. Empirical studies on cosmopolitanism are scarce, principally due to the absence of scale demonstrating sufficient cross-cultural validity across languages. This research reports on such a validation, across four countries and five languages. Psychometric evaluations entailed a number of techniques, including multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. The results largely confirm the cross-lingual applicability of the cosmopolitanism scale. 相似文献
92.
<正>近年来,员工满意度受到人们越来越多的关注,关于员工满意度的理论研究和实证分析也大量出现。员工满意度指的是员工对企业提供的薪酬、规章制度、工作环境、培训等方面的实际感受与期望进行比较的程度,是员工从评价个人的工作达成愉快的情绪性状态。员工满意度是企业人力资源管理的一项重要内容。 相似文献
93.
The first aim of this paper was to investigate how the traditional Protestant work ethic (PWE) and more contemporary work
values (i.e., masculine, feminine, and entrepreneurship values) were related to one another, and differed across genders and
two cultural contexts, namely Turkey and the U.S. The second aim was to elucidate the role of religiosity in PWE among the
two cultural groups. Two hundred and sixty six American and 211 Turkish university students participated in this questionnaire
study. The analyses examining cross-cultural differences revealed that Turkish university students reported greater scores
in the PWE and all contemporary work values as compared to their American counterparts. For the Turkish sample, there were
no gender-related differences in the PWE, whereas in the U.S. sample, men reported greater PWE scores than did women. With
regard to gender differences in contemporary work values, our results showed that gender groups differed in feminine and entrepreneurship
values in both cultural contexts; men emphasized femininity and entrepreneurship more than women in Turkey but the reverse
was true in the U.S. Correlations between contemporary work values and the PWE illustrated that the PWE is associated with
entrepreneurship and masculine values in both cultural contexts and with feminine values in the Turkish context. Finally,
our results regarding the role of religiosity in PWE indicated that highly religious participants reported greater PWE scores
than the less religious ones regardless of culture. Findings are discussed with reference both to differences in the two socio-cultural
contexts and to recent change in the social structure of Turkish society.
Zahide Karakitapoğlu Aygu¨n received her Ph.D. in social psychology from Middle East Technical University Turkey. She is currently
an assistant professor at Bilkent University, Faculty of Business Administration. Her research interests concern values, commitment
and justice.
Mahmut Arslan (BSc, MA, PhD) is an Associate Professor received his graduate degree from Hacettepe University Department of
Public Finance. He completed a masters degree in Business Administration at Hacettepe University Department of Business Administration
and his PhD in Business at University of Leeds (UK). He has worked as a financial analyst and a research assistant. Dr. Arslan
has also worked for the several reorganization projects as analyst and coordinator. He became Assistant Professor in 2000
and Associate Professor in 2003 at Hacettepe University Department of Business Administration. He teaches management and business
ethics, organizational behaviour. He is also the director of Hacettepe University Centre for Business and Professional Ethics.
Dr. Col. Salih Gu¨ney is an Associate Professor graduated from Hacettepe University Department of Sociology in Ankara in 1980.
He received master's degree in behavioral sciences from the University of Istanbul, Faculty of Management in 1987. He finished
his doctoral studies in behavioral sciences at the same university and received his PhD in 1988. He became an associated professor
in 1997. He is currently the head of the behavioral sciences branch in the Turkish Military Academy. He teaches behavioral
sciences, communication theory, introduction to sociology, and public relations at the Military Academy. 相似文献
94.
95.
Aylin Büyükkaragöz Murat Bas Duygu Sağlam Şaziye Ecem Cengiz 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2014,38(6):628-635
The aim of the present study was to investigate consumers' awareness, acceptance and attitudes towards functional foods in Turkey. Eight hundred and eight people participated in this study: aged between 20 and 80 years, 38.5% were male and 61.5% were female. Participants were given a questionnaire and were asked to fill it in by themselves to minimize the influence of the interviewer. Results indicated that socio‐demographic characteristics such as age, education level and income level are important indicators of consumers' awareness and consumption of functional food. The results show that the female respondents were 2.987 times more aware of functional food than the male respondents. Similarly, the likelihood of respondents having awareness of functional food was 1.431 times greater among those who had a higher educational level than among those with a lower educational level. Consumers who used vitamin supplements were 1.228 times more aware of functional food than other consumers. The results show that older respondents were 3.395 times more aware of functional food than younger respondents. Respondents with a history of familial diseases were more likely than others to have consumed margarine with plant sterol, fruit juices fortified with vitamin C, and breakfast cereals fortified with vitamins and minerals. Those with a diet‐related problem were more likely to have consumed cholesterol‐lowering products than those without a problem. As a conclusion, this study has shown that socio‐demographic characteristics such as age, education and income levels, and prices are important indicators that influence consumers' awareness and consumption of functional food. These results suggest that this type of knowledge could affect consumers' interest in functional foods, and therefore educational strategies might be necessary to encourage the consumption of functional foods. 相似文献
96.
由于历史原因,清流县形成了由原军工企业的厂房、设备为主的闲置资产,总价值达1亿多元.如何变现盘活这批闲置资产,使之成为我县新的经济增长点,是一个必须认真探讨和尽快解决的问题. 相似文献
97.
The paper aims to investigate the biases produced by assessing the effects of partial liberalisation of EC and US farm policies through comparative-static simulations, when a more adequate approach would require time, or more precisely technical change, to be explicitly accounted for. Three points are underlined: taking into account technical change (i) alters the trade-off between farm income and budgetary expenditures, (ii) has different effects according to the policy instruments used, and (iii) may reverse the sign of cross-effects, particularly on the budget, in the case of large price-support reductions which result in trade reversal. The relatively limited fall in farm income losses in scenarios corresponding to full harmonisation makes the associated support-price cuts more acceptable, both politically and socially. 相似文献
98.
Leadership has been suggested to be an important factor affecting innovation. A number of studies have shown that transformational leadership positively influences organizational innovation. However, there is a lack of studies examining the contextual conditions under which this effect occurs or is augmented. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on organizational innovation and to determine whether internal and external support for innovation as contextual conditions influence this effect. Organizational innovation was conceptualized as the tendency of the organization to develop new or improved products or services and its success in bringing those products or services to the market. Transformational leadership was hypothesized to have a positive influence on organizational innovation. Furthermore, this effect was proposed to be moderated by internal support for innovation, which refers to an innovation supporting climate and adequate resources allocated to innovation. Support received from external organizations for the purposes of knowledge and resource acquisition was also proposed to moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation. To test these hypotheses, data were collected from 163 research and development (R&D) employees and managers of 43 micro‐ and small‐sized Turkish entrepreneurial software development companies. Two separate questionnaires were used to collect the data. Employees' questionnaires included measures of transformational leadership and internal support for innovation, whereas managers' questionnaires included questions about product innovations of their companies and the degree of support they received from external institutions. Organizational innovation was measured with a market‐oriented criterion developed specifically for developing countries and newly developing industries. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypothesized effects. The results of the analysis provided support for the positive influence of transformational leadership on organizational innovation. This finding is significant because this positive effect was identified in micro‐ and small‐sized companies, whereas previous research focused mainly on large companies. In addition, external support for innovation was found to significantly moderate this effect. Specifically, the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation was stronger when external support was at high levels than when there was no external support. This study is the first to investigate and empirically show the importance of this contextual condition for organizational innovation. The moderating effect of internal support for innovation, however, was not significant. This study shows that transformational leadership is an important determinant of organizational innovation and encourages managers to engage in transformational leadership behaviors to promote organizational innovation. In line with this, transformational leadership, which is heavily suggested to be a subject of management training and development in developed countries, should also be incorporated into such programs in developing countries. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of external support in the organizational innovation process. The results suggest that technical and financial support received from outside the organization can be a more important contextual influence in boosting up innovation than an innovation‐supporting internal climate. Therefore, managers, particularly of micro‐ and small‐sized companies, should play external roles such as boundary spanning and should build relationships with external institutions that provide technical and financial support. The findings of this study are especially important for managers of companies that plan to or currently operate in countries with developing economies. 相似文献
99.
股权结构与控股股东行为的实证研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
关于股权结构与控制权收益实证分析表明,第一大股东持股比例越高,控制权收益越高;第二大股东与第一大股东之间的相互制衡有利于限制控股股东的掠夺行为,减少控制权收益。因此,降低股权集中度、充分发挥大股东之间的相互制衡作用是规范控股股东行为的关键所在。 相似文献
100.
探索普通高校音乐教学规律,应当建立在对大学生目前音乐基本情况充分了解的基础之上。本文首次在全国部分普通高校大学生中进行了音乐优化智育功能、音乐能力自检、大学生在中小学阶段受音乐教育年数及音乐知识素质能力水平调查统计分析,为制定普通高校音乐教学策略,把握教学的切入点和重点,为音乐教育在普通高校发挥更大的育人功能提供了依据。 相似文献