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61.
Winfried Schmähl 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2010,90(7):474-478
Im Jahre 2011 werden wieder Sozialwahlen stattfi nden, deren Bedeutung einer breiten ?ffentlichkeit allerdings nicht bekannt
ist. Wie sich die soziale Selbstverwaltung weiterentwickeln kann und sollte, h?ngt sehr stark von der künftigen Rolle der
Sozialversicherung in Deutschland ab. Sie lebt von der Partizipation der Versicherten und der Arbeitgeber. Diese k?nnen einen
wichtigen Beitrag zur Akzeptanz des Sozialversicherungssystems in der Bev?lkerung leisten, wenn sie in den Selbstverwaltungsorganen
im Konsens agieren. 相似文献
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abstract Boards of directors have a number of roles. The board's monitoring function has been the subject of much work. Less examined is the role that the board has in setting company strategy. This paper uses agency and network perspectives in developing and testing the relationship between board characteristics and involvement in strategic decision making. Using primary and secondary data, our results suggest that the level of board involvement in strategic decision making is related to a number of governance variables. We demonstrate that involvement is generally lower where boards are highly interlocked. We also show that certain types of board interlocks – namely horizontal (same industry) and those involving direct links with the banking sector – are particularly associated with this negative effect. There is weaker evidence that board strategic involvement is lower where the roles of company chief executive and chair are combined. We find no evidence that factors such as board size, or the percentage of outside directors per se are related to board involvement in strategic decision making. In doing so, this paper adds to the growing literature synthesizing the structural features and processes of boards. 相似文献
65.
Bernhard Baumgartner Winfried J. Steiner 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》2007,24(4):312-323
While marketing theories provide some justification for the common practice of setting 9-ending prices, the results of empirical studies are not conclusive on the effects of odd pricing. Nearly all empirical studies have been conducted at the aggregate consumer level, thereby implicitly assuming that consumers respond to odd prices homogeneously. In this research, we analyze consumers' preferences for 9-ending versus 0-ending prices at the individual level. Our findings suggest that some consumers strongly prefer 9-ending prices, whereas other consumers favor 0-ending prices. We further address the existence of level effects and investigate the influence of consumer characteristics on preferences for odd prices. 相似文献
66.
Constance Winkelmann Winfried Hacker 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2011,21(4):395-407
The quasi-experimental field study with 174 advanced engineering students analysed the possibilities to assist the requirement
analysis when solving design problems. Technical check lists are in common practice for assisting the requirement analysis.
We wondered if a generic question answering system (GQAS) aiming at the ‘semantic relationships’ would offer an additional
benefit to the exhaustive identification of the requirements of a design task when a technical check list were offered at
the same time. Therefore, the students were asked to develop a list of requirements for the design of a machine collecting
windfall. Whereas one group was offered the technical check list together with the generic question answering system, the
other group was only offered the technical check list in assisting their task. The entire number of identified applicable
requirements is significantly higher for the group with the additional GQAS. The additional benefit of answering generic interrogative
questions holds for the majority of the individual categories of technical requirements. The benefit is explained with the
proven stimulation of meta-cognitive processes by means of systems of interrogative questions. Practically, the consideration
of generic procedures of problem solving in engineering design education may be recommended. 相似文献
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In this paper we develop a model for the conditional inflated multivariate density of integer count variables with domain ?n, n ∈ ?. Our modelling framework is based on a copula approach and can be used for a broad set of applications where the primary characteristics of the data are: (i) discrete domain; (ii) the tendency to cluster at certain outcome values; and (iii) contemporaneous dependence. These kinds of properties can be found for high‐ or ultra‐high‐frequency data describing the trading process on financial markets. We present a straightforward sampling method for such an inflated multivariate density through the application of an independence Metropolis–Hastings sampling algorithm. We demonstrate the power of our approach by modelling the conditional bivariate density of bid and ask quote changes in a high‐frequency setup. We show how to derive the implied conditional discrete density of the bid–ask spread, taking quote clusterings (at multiples of 5 ticks) into account. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Einer strukturierten und systematischen Produkt- und Kundenbereinigung geht eine nach Prozesskostenrechnungs-Methodik erstellte Produkt- und Kundenergebnisrechnung voraus. 相似文献
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