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121.
Numerous studies document that criminal activity is positively related to unemployment and negatively related to educational attainment levels within given communities. We study this phenomenon in the context of a search‐equilibrium model, in which agents choose between formal employment and pursuing crime‐related activities (theft). Prior to their “occupational choices,” agents undertake costly schooling, raising their productivity. Crime acts, in essence, as a tax on human capital by affecting the probability that a worker's earnings (possessions) are subsequently appropriated. There are multiple equilibria. High crime, low levels of educational attainment, long spells of unemployment, and poverty are correlated across them. 相似文献
122.
钱寅星 《世界标准化与质量管理》2005,(2):40-41
随着市场竞争的加剧,许多建筑施工企业不得不在全国各地(大型施工企业甚至在世界各地)承揽工程,从而造成管理地域的跨度加大,随着项目数量增多,管理幅度也在加大。由企业直接插手项目管理的传统模式,已经不能适应形势发展的需要。加大项目部的管理自主权,推行模块化管理,提升项目分类管理能力,对建筑施工企业至关重要。而推行项目管理标准化,是提高项目管理水平切实可行的方法。 相似文献
123.
俞崇武 《科技创业(上海)》2005,(8):18-22
熟悉江南春的人在介绍他时,总是喜欢强调他10多年前的身份——诗人和文学青年。那时他曾是华东师范大学“夏雨诗社”的社长.颇多有影响力的诗歌在校园里传诵,后来这些文字还凑成了他的一部个人诗集《抒情时代》。 相似文献
124.
Kwaku Atuahene‐Gima Stanley F. Slater Eric M. Olson 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2005,22(6):464-482
While the benefits of being market oriented are largely accepted, a group of scholars and managers remain skeptical. Marketing scholars have sought to counter the criticisms leveled against market orientation (MO) by arguing that it has both responsive and proactive dimensions. However, few studies have empirically examined the complexity of the effects of these dimensions on firm performance. Drawing on theories of resource‐based advantage and organizational search behavior, this article advances understanding by arguing that responsive and proactive market orientations have curvilinear effects on product development performance, that their interaction may be positively related to product development performance, and that their effects on new product program performance are moderated differentially by the organizational implementation conditions and marketing function power. Survey results of 175 U.S. firms indicate support for most of the hypotheses. Specifically, whereas responsive MO has a U‐shaped relationship with new product program performance, proactive MO has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with new product program performance. Contrary to the arguments presented here, the interaction of both orientations is negatively related to new product program performance. This study finds that both orientations are needed; however, new product program performance is enhanced when one is at higher level and the other is at lower level. Finally, responsive MO is only positively related to new product program performance under specific conditions such as when strategic consensus among managers is high. On the other hand, the positive effect of proactive MO on new product program performance is further strengthened when learning orientation and marketing power are high. Overall, this study suggests that the effects of responsive and proactive MO on new product program performance are more complex than previously theoretically argued and empirically examined. 相似文献
125.
Sancho Salcedo‐Sanz Mario DePrado‐Cumplido María Jesús Segovia‐Vargas Fernando Prez‐Cruz Carlos Bousoo‐Calzn 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2004,12(4):261-281
We propose two novel approaches for feature selection and ranking tasks based on simulated annealing (SA) and Walsh analysis, which use a support vector machine as an underlying classifier. These approaches are inspired by one of the key problems in the insurance sector: predicting the insolvency of a non‐life insurance company. This prediction is based on accounting ratios, which measure the health of the companies. The approaches proposed provide a set of ratios (the SA approach) and a ranking of the ratios (the Walsh analysis ranking) that would allow a decision about the financial state of each company studied. The proposed feature selection methods are applied to the prediction the insolvency of several Spanish non‐life insurance companies, yielding state‐of‐the‐art results in the tests performed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
126.
指出规格仪器是油品测试方法标准化的基础,总结了油品测试用规格仪器国产化的过程,并对今后的发展方向加以分析。 相似文献
127.
Kyoung‐Jae Kim 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2004,12(3):167-176
A feature transformation method based on domain knowledge for arti?cial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed. The method of feature transformation based on domain knowledge converts continuous values into discrete values in accordance with the knowledge of experts in speci?c application domains. This approach effectively ?lters data, trains the classi?er, and extracts the rules from the classi?er. In addition, it reduces the dimensionality of the feature space, which not only decreases the cost and time in the operation but also enhances the generalizability of the classi?er. The experimental results of the proposed approach will be compared and tested statistically with the results of the linear transformation method. The results show that the method of feature transformation based on domain knowledge outperforms the linear transformation in modelling of ANNs. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
128.
129.
Christopher J. Robertson Richard P. Lindsay Marcelo Perez‐Verzini 《Thunderbird国际商业评论》2006,48(4):537-553
The Cuban economy has experienced a significant increase in foreign direct investment over the past decade due to the end of the Soviet Union and the establishment of more liberal trade policies. Although the U.S. embargo of trade with Cuba still exists, there has been movement lately that suggests the end of the four‐decades‐old policy. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current Cuban business environment and to identify potential entrepreneurial opportunities in the service sector. Major trade partners are also reviewed and managerial implications discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
130.
信息不对称条件下的中国零售业营销研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
一、信息不对称条件下中国零售业的营销困难 信息不对称给中国零售业营销带来了困难。那么,这些困难是什么?其具体表现形式又是怎样的呢?让我们逐一考察。 相似文献