分税制财政体制改革中的利益集团博弈研究

改革开放以来,尤其是中国共产党十八届三中全会召开前后,在财政体制改革过程中,存在着各种利益集团之间错综复杂的博弈问题。本文将以博弈论为主要的分析工具,运用实证分析法来研究完善分税制财政体制过程中的利益集团博弈问题。首先概括性地阐述我国分税制财政体制中的利益集团博弈问题。然而具体分析各种利益集团的博弈问题。从取得财政收入方面来说,主要是处理好税收征纳双方的博弈问题;从支出财政资金层面讲,则是处理好政府各个职能部门之间的博弈关系。由此在深化财政体制改革的过程中,我们必须妥善处理好中央与地方,国家、企业与个人,税收征纳双方,政府各个职能部门等利益集团之间错综复杂的利害关系。激发全社会各方面的活力,使得众多利益集团创造社会财富的源泉动力充分地涌流。目的是完善分税制财政体制,构建与市场经济相适应的现代财政制度。     

CEO Overconfidence and Long‐Term Performance Following R&D Increases

We examine the relation between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) overconfidence and significant increases in research and development (R&D) expenditures. Although prior studies reveal a significantly positive market reaction to increases in R&D expenditures in both the long and short run, we find that long‐run stock performance is positive only for firms whose CEOs are not overconfident. Our findings, which may be attributable to overinvestment and the overestimation of future cash flows, imply that R&D resulting from overconfident behavior does not provide any value to firms.     

钉住制度、国际收支失衡与比索危机

1994年12月,墨西哥金融危机爆发,并很快波及其他拉美国家,形成了一场震惊世界的拉美经济危机。比索钉住美元的汇率制度是此次危机的根源,国际收支失衡是此次危机的导火索。本文在宏观经济学的框架内,尝试分析钉住制度、国际收支失衡与比索危机之间的内在联系,并从钉住制度的退出时机和顺序的选择、货币政策与汇率政策的实施、钉住制度造成本币高估及其负面影响、经常项目逆差的潜在风险、过分依赖外国资本的弊端以及社会稳定的重要性等方面总结了墨西哥金融危机的启示。     

Common Institutional Ownership and Earnings Management*

This study examines the relation between earnings management and block ownership of same‐industry peer firms by a common set of institutional investors (common institutional ownership). This relation is important given the tremendous growth of common institutional ownership and the significant influence of blockholders on financial reporting. We hypothesize that common institutional ownership mitigates earnings management by enhancing institutions' monitoring efficiency and by encouraging institutions to internalize the negative externality of a firm's earnings management on peer firms' investments. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that higher common institutional ownership is related to less earnings management. Analyses of a quasi‐natural experiment based on financial institution mergers show that this negative relation is unlikely to be driven by the endogeneity of common institutional ownership. Cross‐sectional tests provide evidence that the negative relation is stronger among firms for which common institutional ownership is likely to generate a greater reduction in institutions' information acquisition and processing costs, and among firms whose severe financial misstatements are more likely to distort co‐owned peer firms' investments, supporting both mechanisms underlying our hypothesis. Our findings inform the ongoing debate on the costs and benefits of common institutional ownership by highlighting an important benefit: the enhanced monitoring of financial reporting.     

构建我国金融安全边界体系的政策建议

金融科技使金融风险的复杂性、传染性凸显,一些西方发达国家以国家安全为由对我科技产业及发展进行打压等,使我国金融安全面临较多风险.通过金融科技风险事件案例分析发现,金融科技通过对金融基础设施、主权货币、金融监管体制、金融市场的影响,进而影响国家金融安全.应通过以人民币国际化和"新基建"建设强化金融基础设施安全边界,以监管机制改革及法律法规建设强化金融监管系统安全边界,以金融安全审查机制建设强化金融安全防御边界,以金融科技行业标准及全球治理机制的建设强化金融安全攻击边界,构建国家金融安全体系.     

Moderating effects of the fit between service tangibilization and organizational performance

As the significance of service industry grows, its relationship to overall economic growth and organizational performance (OP) has also become an issue of prominence. Tangibilization is widely known as one of the means of overcoming the weaknesses of service intangibility and improving OP. This research explores the relationship between service tangibilization and OP. Furthermore, the moderating effect of the fit between service tangibilization and OP will also be discussed in the business context. Specifically, the Korean natural gas industry is selected to test the developed hypotheses. The managers who have experience with managing a service business in either the wholesale or retail sector of this industry were surveyed. The results imply that there exists a significant relationship between service tangibilization and OP, with the mental fit positively strengthening some of the relationships between these two constructs. It can be inferred from this that it is important for companies in the natural gas industry to attain the right fit of mental tangibilization in order to effectively deploy service tangibilization and maximize their OP.     

经济学的理性假设辨析

理性历来是经济学研究秉持的最基本的行为假设,然而自从其概念诞生以来,经济学家们对它的理解与解释却众说纷纭。理性的框架应界定为:利己性、最优化与偏好一致性。对理性假设应该采取秉持实证主义思想,维持理性假设的态度与措施;当理论与现实矛盾时,谨慎地适当地扩展理论模型或环境假设,扩展的底限是维持理性的内在一致性,上限则取决于理论的一般性与现实性的权衡。     

浅析新高等学校会计制度若干问题

为适应我国高等教育事业的发展,财政部对高等学校会计制度的改革力度不断加大,经过2009年和2010年两次意见稿后,新高等学校会计制度《高等学校会计制度》（财会〔2013〕30号）终于出台。新会计制度与原制度相比,有着较大的进步与创新,同时也存在着一些不足,本文主要对这些不足进行探讨并给出建议。     

CMS模型研究述评——基于期刊文献检索视角

恒定市场份额模型（CMS）发展至今已有半个多世纪,它是竞争力评价和出口增长因素分析的重要方法,国内学者对该模型的应用仅有十几年时间,仍处于初级研究阶段。本文基于期刊文献检索,从研究目标、研究内容和研究方法等方面对国内关于市场份额模型的文献进行了梳理和评价,最后提出展望。     

美国依赖评级的监管规则对评级风险的影响综述

1933年启用依赖评级的监管规则（RDRs）以来,学者研究了RDRs监管对评级风险的影响,结果表明,RDRs监管明显地助长了评级风险。今后,监管当局应弱化金融监管对评级的依赖,通过取消NRSRO或类似指定、允许适度的评级竞争,有限使用发行人付费模型,并限制发行人付费模型下发行人对评级机构的选择权,强化评级机构法律和社会责任等方式,减轻RDRs监管的负面影响。