Evaluation of a home injury prevention program in a WHO Safe Community

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a community-based injury prevention program on home injuries. Unintentional injuries occurring in private homes and during leisure time account for 70-80% of injuries treated in public health care. A quasiexperimental design was used for the study, with cross-sectional preand post-implementation measurements in the program area and in a neighboring control community. Children and the elderly were two main target groups of the intervention program, which was based on a participative strategy for community involvement. The study was based on defined total populations. The total relative risk for home injury occurrence decreased in the study area, whereas it increased in the control area. Regarding age and gender, there was a decrease for females and males in the study area and a slight increase in the control area. For males, the youngest and oldest age groups showed no decrease, whereas females showed a decrease among the youngest and those aged 60-79. No decrease was observed in the control area. The study showed that the Safe Community approach had a general effect on the incidence of home injuries.     

Die Fließarbeit

Ohne ZusammenfassungÜbersetzt von Dr. Erich Schiff, Wien     

Über eine Abrundungsmethode bei Berechnung von Pensionsraten

Abstract

Zufolge des Gesetzes über Volksrentenversicberung vom 28. Juni 1935 — das das Gesetz tiber allgemeine Rentenversicherung vom 30. Juni 1913 ersetzte — erhält jeder schwedische Staatsangehörige im Alter von 67 J abren oder bei vorheriger dauernder Arbeitsunfähigkeit Anspruch teils auf eine Grundrente, deren Höbe nur von den von einem jeden entrichteten Rentenprämien abhängig ist, teils auf eine Zusatzrente, die u. a von dem auf besondere Weise abgeschätzten Jahreseinkommen eines jeden abhängig ist.     

Big business and small states: Unilever and Norway in the interwar years1

In 1930, Unilever tried to take control of Lilleborg, Norway's most important producer of soap and vegetable oil, with the aim of wiping out most of Norway's independent margarine and soap industry. However, as the purchase was dependent on government concession, Unilever became embroiled in a power struggle with the Norwegian political authorities. The company was strongly criticized by Norwegian nationalists. The question of whether or not to let Unilever go forward became one of the most contested questions in Norwegian politics in the period. In the end, Unilever was allowed to go ahead with the purchase, but in return the company was forced to make substantial concessions. Expanding on Jones's framework for understanding the balance of power between multinationals and host governments, in this article it is argued that we must look beyond firm specific assets and a cost‐benefit oriented analysis of the relationship between multinationals and host countries to understand the end result. In this case, nationalism had a decisive impact. Unilever's acquisition of Lilleborg and the Norwegian response thus contributes to our understanding of the nature of multinational enterprise in the interwar period and of the political economy of foreign direct investment in general.