为中国的质量革命做好准备

美国派顿出版社总编（目前《质量文摘》由该出版社出版）、前《质量文摘》总编派顿先生2005年11月16日访问了上海质量管理科学研究院。在访问期间．派顿先生为《质量文摘》撰写了专栏文章，下面我们将主要内容译成中文。     

Population,agriculture, and the environment in Africa

An overview is provided of the World Bank study about the interaction between rapid population growth, poor agricultural performance, and environmental degradation. The links between these 3 phenomena are identified as traditional methods of crop and livestock production, land tenure systems, women's responsibilities, and methods of forest use. When land was abundant and capital limited, pastoralism, shifting cultivation, and setting aside fallow land was possible. Mobility and allowances for natural regeneration of vegetation could not continue with rapid population growth. Permanent settlements developed but cultivation methods remained the same; the result was deterioration of soil fertility, low yields, and erosion of soil as occurred in Rwanda, Burkina Faso, and parts of Nigeria. Technological innovation has been slow and poor roads have interfered with a market oriented economy. Inappropriate pricing, exchange rates, and fiscal policies also prevent productivity gains. A heavy demand is placed on women's time. Demand for children is high and is stimulated by environmental degradation, food insecurity, land tenure systems, and cultural traditions. Child labor is needed. The demand for contraception is 30-50% in North Africa, 36-55% in Asia, and 40-60% in South America. Land ownership problems have arisen under community ownership and between herders and settlers. Solutions have ranged from land nationalization and arbitrary designation of individual ownership. Open access situations have developed and lent themselves to exploitation. Fuelwood needs have exacerbated the destruction of forests. Commercial logging accounted for 10-20% of the forest loss. New approaches are needed to link cross-sectionally population, the environment, an agriculture. Emphasis should be on resource conservation, family planning, and environmentally benign intensive farming. Agricultural production needs to grow at 4%/year, fertility lowered by 50% over 30 years, and deforestation slowed. Women's time constraints should b alleviated and productivity improved. Open access and state ownership should be stopped.     

保持党员先进性要从自身做起

党员的先进性,需要结合时代的发展和社会的进步,联系当前改革开放和中国特色社会主义事业的新形势,联系加强党的执政能力建设和全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程的新要求,深入研究其利学内涵、时代特征、衡量标准和要求。本文加强每个党员对共产党员先进性的理解、保持先进性要从增强党员意识和做起共产党员要作表率作用等三个方面进行党员先进性的研究。     

“企业惯例”:把无形的文化变得触手可及

对商业人士来说,从企业惯例中得到的主要益处就是它是有形的。在一定环境下,它们可以灵活地和其它重要的因素,如思维模式、不同的期望值共同起作用     

富士通:完全解决客户的问题

如今,消费者和供应方所面对的挑战,就是要找出更好的办法,来纠正实际使用过程中确实出现的问题,如缺陷产品(这些产品往往是由不同的组织各自设计的)、损坏或不相匹配等。所幸的是,精益方法能够使我们稳步迈向极少出问题的精益消费过程。其中关键的做法是,把对每一个“消费问题”的智能型反馈收集起来。这将使现有问题得到迅速而彻底的纠正,同时避免同类问题今后再度发生。真实的企业面对真实的客户真的能实施这样的智能型反馈吗?在研究中我们高兴地发现,欧洲最大的IT支持服务供应方之一的富士通服务公司(FujitsuServices),已经令人信服地…     

功能状态方法———设计产品和降低成本的一种有效方法

本文阐述了一种功能矩囝方法，这种功能状态模型特别适用于对新产品包括正在构思阶段的产品的设计和价格计算。这种矩阵提供了一个通用的参考基准，使得大量的信息以简洁的形式记录下来，形成产品设计和对比的一个极好的方法，它也是一种行之有效的交流信息的工具     

实验设计的新前沿

产品和过程开发是业务长期生存的基础，生存和成功的关键是培养创新和减少产品上市时间，同时使产品到达最佳性能。     

企业成长的阶段性特色

一个人的精力和才智是极其有限的.面面俱到者,终将一事无成. 我十分了解那些见异思迁的人.他们一会儿觉得"我能成为一名伟大的音乐家",一会儿双认为"办企业对我来说易如反掌",一会儿双说"我若涉足政界,准能一举成功."