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41.
This paper investigates nonlinearities in the dynamics of real exchange rates. We use Monte Carlo simulations to establish the size properties of the Teräsvirta-Anderson test, when the dynamics of the real exchange rate is influenced by an exogenous process. In addition, we show that a modified nonlinearity test, which includes additional right-hand-side variables, performs much better than the original in both Monte Carlo exercises and in the actual data on 1431 bilateral real exchange rate series. Finally, we investigate the dynamics of the real exchange rate for both developed and developing countries using the modified test for the recent floating period. In general, the results find a greater incidence of nonlinear dynamics for developing country real exchange rates. 相似文献
42.
Husnain Fateh Ahmad 《Bulletin of economic research》2020,72(1):77-85
We present a novel approach for modelling self serving bias by way of reference dependence. Bias is modelled as a systematic individual level deviation of the endogenous reference point from the expected price of a good in a two person k-double auction. We find that bias decreases the efficiency of the model, and that efficiency is decreasing in both the level of bias and reference dependence. 相似文献
43.
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah Naveed Ahmad 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2020,27(3):308-318
Abstract Accident risk analysis for human safety and infrastructural improvement are key requirements of the engineering sector. The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize problematic segments of roads based upon the risk evaluation concept and to focus on the severity of accidents regarding human life loss and easy manoeuvring. This study includes the concept of considering road segments as decision-making units for application of data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique which has no compulsion of the distribution function and critical assumptions, unlike the multiple regression models. According to the proposed methodology, a section of Motorway (M-2) Lahore-Islamabad has been analyzed. Out of 200 segments under consideration, 99 segments were selected with at least one accident and one injury or fatality. Furthermore, for risk calculation and ranking of road segments, the DEA technique along with the cross-risk matrix method was applied. This optimization technique could not only be helpful in ranking but also technical decision-making and prioritizations for safety improvement, policymaking and budget allocation. 相似文献
44.
The surge in online consumers and their preference to buy over the Internet is nudging marketers to embrace e-commerce, but mere online presence without distinct user experience may not help attract and retain customers. Research suggests that website service quality is a determining factor in Internet buyer behavior. Several measurement tools have been used in the context of developed economies to measure e-service quality. The very few empirical researches in emerging economies, including India, motivated the researchers in the present study to refine the WEBQUAL 4.0 scale developed by Barnes and Vidgen (2002) to measure the service quality at shopping websites. The present study employs tools like SPSS 20.0 and AMOSS 20.0 to analyze the data through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Study results suggest a 14-item WEBQUAL four factor (Ease of Use, Information Quality, Reliability, and Empathy) scale that is appropriate for Indian settings. 相似文献
45.
Ahmad Zubaidi Baharumshah Aliyu Alhaji Jibrilla Abdalla Sirag Hamisu Sadi Ali Ibrahim Muye Muhammad 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2016,84(4):520-537
This paper re‐examines the government revenue and expenditure relationship in South Africa using Enders and Siklos' Threshold adjustment and Granger causality tests. The paper allows for structural breaks in the unit root and cointegration tests. The results indicate the absence of any asymmetries in both the threshold autoregression and momentum threshold autoregression specifications of adjustments in the South African's budgeting process. The estimated symmetric error‐correction models provide support for the fiscal synchronization hypothesis of government revenues and expenditures for long‐run and short‐run dynamic equilibrium. These findings indicate that the South African fiscal authorities should try to maintain or even improve the control of their fiscal policy instruments to sustain the prudent budgetary process. 相似文献
46.
This paper is concerned with the comparison of seven estimators of the mean of the selected population from two normal populations
with unknown means and common known variance under an asymmetric loss namely the LINEX loss function. The proposed estimators
are invariant under location transformation. The bias and risks of the seven estimators are computed and compared. The conclusion
recommend the use of δP (σ) which is simple to use and it is minimax.
Received: January 1999 相似文献
47.
Ahmad Ismail 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2010,35(4):411-429
The study examines whether prestigious investment banks deliver quality gains to their clients in a sample of 6,379 US M&A
deals. It finds that acquirers advised by tier-one advisors lost more than $42 billion, whereas those advised by tier-two
advisors gained $42 billion, whereas those advised by tier-two
advisors gained 13.5 billion at the merger announcement. The results were mainly driven by the large loss deals advised by
tier-one advisors. The evidence indicates that investment banks might have different incentives when they advise on large
deals vs. small deals. The results imply that market share based reputation league tables, could be misleading and therefore,
the selection of investment banks should be based on their track record in generating gains to their clients. The findings
were consistent with the superior deal hypothesis as tier-one target advisors outperformed tier-two advisors and the existence
of a prestigious advisor on at least one side of an M&A transaction resulted in higher wealth gains to the combined entity.
Target advisors were able to extract more wealth gains for their clients, which led to higher combined gains at the expense
of the acquirer. 相似文献
48.
49.
Debbie Isobel Keeling Ahmad Daryanto Ko de Ruyter Martin Wetzels 《Industrial Marketing Management》2013
Channel Reward Programs (CRPs) facilitate relationship management within reseller networks in distribution channels, yet a persistent problem is that rewards are not seen as valuable, which can reduce program investment. By applying Regulatory Fit theory, to understand how to sustain goal orientation (promotion or prevention) and stimulate task engagement through a match with the manner of goal pursuit, this study demonstrates that the presentation style suppliers adopt influences resellers' perceptions of reward value and their rate of point redemption with respect to CRPs. Two field studies demonstrate the mechanisms driving this effect. First, fit effects result from the interaction between reward type and presentation format (i.e., verbal vs. numerical) and affect perceived reward values and investment decisions. Second, cognitive engagement and “feeling right” about reward redemption mediate the effects of fit on investment opportunity evaluations. In turn, the findings demonstrate that CRP efficacy can be enhanced by stimulating regulatory orientations that match the presentation formats of the reward and that the dual affective–cognitive processes affect probabilistic judgments of rewards. This additional mechanism can further stimulate resellers' engagement with and investment in CRPs within complex decision-making contexts. 相似文献
50.
Syed Zamberi Ahmad Afida Mastura Muhammad Arif 《International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration》2013,14(3):286-315
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to gather information about the determinants and characteristics of the owners/managers of small- and medium-sized hotels (SMSHs) and identify various issues in starting up and operating businesses in the United Arab Emirates. The results of this study reveal that the majority of the owners/managers of SMSHs in the United Arab Emirates are male, young and middle age, and relatively new to the tourism industry. The motivations for the business ventures of the entrepreneurs include wanting to be financially independent, become one’s own boss, involvement in family business and the opportunities of the hotel business. Among the key business challenges highlighted by the owners/managers of SMSHs are stiff competition in the hotel industry, increased operating costs, reduced demand, and lack of skilled employees. Several key strategies have been employed to face these challenges. These include offering competitive pricing, improving the marketing and channels of promotion, enhancing the quality of service and providing superior customer service. 相似文献