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101.
Yield spreads on EMU government bonds 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
102.
On the basis of data from two recent surveys on innovation diffusion in Italian manufacturing industry, this paper shows that informal R&D is an important part of the total R&D undertaken by small and medium sized firms. Nevertheless, when an output indicator such as the number and the nature of the innovations introduced by firms of different size is used, it emerges that small firms have introduced mainly incremental rather than major innovations. The paper therefore suggests that systematic R&D undertaken by large firms within structured laboratories is more effective (in terms of product innovations) than occasional R&D carried out by small firms. 相似文献
103.
More than 20 years after their introduction, directly elected mayors are key players in Italian urban governance. This article explains the main effects of this reform on local government systems and provides lessons for other countries considering directly elected mayors. 相似文献
104.
This article presents lower and upper bounds on the prices of basket options for a general class of continuous-time financial models. The techniques we propose are applicable whenever the joint characteristic function of the vector of log-returns is known. Moreover, the basket value is not required to be positive. We test our new price approximations on different multivariate models, allowing for jumps and stochastic volatility. Numerical examples are discussed and benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulations. All bounds are general and do not require any additional assumption on the characteristic function, so our methods may be employed also to non-affine models. All bounds involve the computation of one-dimensional Fourier transforms; hence, they do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality and can be applied also to high-dimensional problems where most existing methods fail. In particular, we study two kinds of price approximations: an accurate lower bound based on an approximating set and a fast bounded approximation based on the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. We also show how to improve Monte Carlo accuracy by using one of our bounds as a control variate. 相似文献
105.
Drawing on the results of a systematic literature review of empirical studies, this paper sheds light on six broad factors that facilitate the initiation and implementation of co-production in public services. The factors are classified into two overarching categories: organizational factors, including organizational arrangements, professional roles, and managerial tools; and procedural factors, including participant recruitment, participant preparation, and process design. For each set of factors, the paper provides a series of management implications. It concludes with additional observations for practice. 相似文献
106.
Beate Franke Jean‐François Plante Ribana Roscher En‐shiun Annie Lee Cathal Smyth Armin Hatefi Fuqi Chen Einat Gil Alexander Schwing Alessandro Selvitella Michael M. Hoffman Roger Grosse Dieter Hendricks Nancy Reid 《Revue internationale de statistique》2016,84(3):371-389
The need for new methods to deal with big data is a common theme in most scientific fields, although its definition tends to vary with the context. Statistical ideas are an essential part of this, and as a partial response, a thematic program on statistical inference, learning and models in big data was held in 2015 in Canada, under the general direction of the Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute, with major funding from, and most activities located at, the Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences. This paper gives an overview of the topics covered, describing challenges and strategies that seem common to many different areas of application and including some examples of applications to make these challenges and strategies more concrete. 相似文献
107.
Cross‐border mergers and acquisitions in services: The role of policy and industrial structure 下载免费PDF全文
Alessandro Barattieri Ingo Borchert Aaditya Mattoo 《The Canadian journal of economics》2016,49(4):1470-1501
This paper explores the role of policy and economic structure in determining international mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in services sectors. The analysis is based on bilateral sectoral M&A flow data and detailed information on policy barriers from a new database. Restrictive investment policies are found to reduce the probability of M&A inflows, controlling for bilateral frictions such as geography. This negative effect, however, is mitigated in countries with relatively large shares of manufacturing and (to a lesser extent) services in GDP. The same result holds for the number of M&A deals concluded. Findings are robust to accounting for the potential endogeneity of policy restrictiveness. The evidence suggests that the impact of policy is state‐dependent and related to the composition of GDP in the target economy. 相似文献
108.
Loyalty programs are business practices increasingly pursued by companies in order to achieve customer loyalty. Recent studies have focused on the relationship between loyalty program structures (i.e., number and size of hierarchical tiers) and status levels (i.e., exclusivity) perceived by members. The current study examines two potential moderators of this relationship between program structure and perceived status. Specifically, the aim of our research was to test whether loyalty program structure affects status perceptions in more and less exclusive industries, and among consumers with more and less positive attitudes toward loyalty programs.An experimental design based on different scenarios was used. Two industries and three loyalty program structures were examined. In the airline industry, which is higher in perceived exclusivity, perceived status in the top tier of the loyalty program increased as the number of customers in the top tier decreased and as the number of tiers increased. Notably, however, loyalty program structure had no effect on perceived status in the supermarket industry, which is lower in perceived exclusivity. Moreover, even in the airline industry, status effects were only observed among respondents with a positive attitude toward loyalty programs. Those with neutral or negative attitudes toward loyalty programs were unaffected by the structure of the loyalty program. Thus, the effect of loyalty program structure on consumers' perceived status varied systematically across industries and across individuals. 相似文献
109.
Alessandro Gasparini Keith R. Abrams Jessica K. Barrett Rupert W. Major Michael J. Sweeting Nigel J. Brunskill Michael J. Crowther 《Statistica Neerlandica》2020,74(1):5-23
Electronic health records are being increasingly used in medical research to answer more relevant and detailed clinical questions; however, they pose new and significant methodological challenges. For instance, observation times are likely correlated with the underlying disease severity: Patients with worse conditions utilise health care more and may have worse biomarker values recorded. Traditional methods for analysing longitudinal data assume independence between observation times and disease severity; yet, with health care data, such assumptions unlikely hold. Through Monte Carlo simulation, we compare different analytical approaches proposed to account for an informative visiting process to assess whether they lead to unbiased results. Furthermore, we formalise a joint model for the observation process and the longitudinal outcome within an extended joint modelling framework. We illustrate our results using data from a pragmatic trial on enhanced care for individuals with chronic kidney disease, and we introduce user-friendly software that can be used to fit the joint model for the observation process and a longitudinal outcome. 相似文献
110.
Massimo Riccaboni Alessandro Rossi Stefano Schiavo 《Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination》2013,8(1):33-56
Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to produce detailed topologies of the Internet, but so far these data have been overlooked by economists. In this paper, we suggest that such information could be used to characterize both the size of the digital economy and outsourcing at country level. We analyse the topological structure of the network of trade in digital services (trade in bits) and compare it with the more traditional flow of manufactured goods across countries. To perform meaningful comparisons across networks with different characteristics, we define a stochastic benchmark for the number of connections among each country-pair, based on hypergeometric distribution. Original data are filtered so that we only focus on the strongest, i.e. statistically significant, links. We find that trade in bits displays a sparser and less hierarchical network structure, which is more similar to trade in high-skill manufactured goods than total trade. Moreover, distance plays a more prominent role in shaping the network of international trade in physical goods than trade in digital services. 相似文献