全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8101篇 |
免费 | 124篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 1301篇 |
工业经济 | 476篇 |
计划管理 | 1336篇 |
经济学 | 1893篇 |
综合类 | 86篇 |
运输经济 | 33篇 |
旅游经济 | 65篇 |
贸易经济 | 1591篇 |
农业经济 | 247篇 |
经济概况 | 1143篇 |
信息产业经济 | 4篇 |
邮电经济 | 51篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 121篇 |
2020年 | 64篇 |
2019年 | 104篇 |
2018年 | 290篇 |
2017年 | 290篇 |
2016年 | 279篇 |
2015年 | 90篇 |
2014年 | 139篇 |
2013年 | 517篇 |
2012年 | 455篇 |
2011年 | 413篇 |
2010年 | 176篇 |
2009年 | 181篇 |
2008年 | 196篇 |
2007年 | 180篇 |
2006年 | 204篇 |
2005年 | 1019篇 |
2004年 | 548篇 |
2003年 | 240篇 |
2002年 | 105篇 |
2001年 | 127篇 |
2000年 | 119篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1998年 | 101篇 |
1997年 | 75篇 |
1996年 | 71篇 |
1995年 | 87篇 |
1994年 | 57篇 |
1993年 | 84篇 |
1992年 | 75篇 |
1991年 | 82篇 |
1990年 | 72篇 |
1989年 | 76篇 |
1988年 | 66篇 |
1987年 | 70篇 |
1986年 | 74篇 |
1985年 | 78篇 |
1984年 | 89篇 |
1983年 | 64篇 |
1982年 | 70篇 |
1981年 | 66篇 |
1980年 | 76篇 |
1979年 | 65篇 |
1978年 | 46篇 |
1977年 | 50篇 |
1976年 | 39篇 |
1975年 | 48篇 |
1974年 | 33篇 |
1973年 | 40篇 |
1972年 | 33篇 |
排序方式: 共有8226条查询结果,搜索用时 656 毫秒
181.
Constantinos S. Hilas Author Vitae Sotirios K. Goudos Author Vitae John N. Sahalos Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2006,73(5):495-509
In this paper, forecasting models for the monthly outgoing telephone calls in a University Campus are presented. The data have been separated in the categories of international and national calls as well as calls to mobile phones. The total number of calls has also been analyzed. Three different methods, namely the Seasonal Decomposition, Exponential Smoothing Method and SARIMA Method, have been used. Forecasts with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each method and compared with the actual data. The outcome of this work can be used to predict future demands for the telecommunications network of the University. 相似文献
182.
In this paper we analyze technological change in the Spanish economy by constructing adjusted Solow residuals, where the adjustment attempts to correct for the bias associated with the potential presence of imperfect competition, increasing returns, variable input utilization and, especially, sectoral reallocation of inputs across sectors. We refer to this modified Solow residual as a technology index. Sectoral reallocations and variable input utilization are key determinants of the differences between the aggregate Solow residual and the technology index resulting from the aggregation of estimated sectoral technological growth. We show that starting in the mid nineties, there has been a deceleration in the aggregate growth rate of technology which is basically due to the behaviour of the manufacturing sectors. Finally, our results imply that aggregate technology growth is less volatile than aggregate productivity as measured by the Solow residual. 相似文献
183.
N.Sören Blomquist 《Journal of public economics》1983,22(2):169-197
This paper presents labor supply functions estimated on a sample of prime age Swedish males. The model used takes account of the nonlinear character of individuals' budget sets caused by the progressive income tax. It also allows preferences to vary between individuals. Calculations with the estimated functions, using a partial equilibrium framework, indicate a sizeable effect of the income tax on hours of work. The average expected deadweight loss of the income tax is found to be approximately 20 percent of tax revenue. 相似文献
184.
In this paper, we aim to include rule making, implementation, monitoring and enforcement costs into the cost comparison of
policy instruments. We use a simple partial equilibrium model and apply it to the textile industry. The model includes discrete
abatement functions and costly monitoring and enforcement. The case study uses individual firm data to simulate the differences
in abatement costs and compliance decisions between firms. We compare combinations of regulatory instruments (emission taxes,
emission standards and technology standards) and enforcement instruments (criminal fines, civil fines and transaction offers).
We show that the inclusion of information, monitoring and enforcement costs indeed alters the relative cost efficiency of
the different instruments. 相似文献
185.
186.
Harald?Badinger Fritz?Breussfritz.breuss@wifo.ac.at" title="fritz.breuss@wu-wien.ac.at fritz.breuss@wifo.ac.at" itemprop="email" data-track="click" data-track-action="Email author" data-track-label="">Email author 《Empirica》2005,32(2):145-180
We estimate the pro-competitive effects of Austrias participation in the Single Market after its European Union (EU) accession in 1995 in terms of firms market power as measured by the Lerner index, using a sample of 46 industries and 7 industry groups, covering the period 1978–2001. In the framework of the markup estimation method suggested by Roeger (1995), we test for both an instantaneous structural break between 1993 and 1998 and also estimate logistic smooth transition models to take up the proposition that the regime shift is likely to have occurred gradually rather than as a big bang. In sum, the results provide no reason for being euphoric: Pronounced markup reductions were only found in three industry groups (mining and quarrying, wholesale and retail trade; financial services and real estate). At the more disaggregate level, the picture is mixed: Both increases and reductions in market power have been found. 相似文献
187.
We investigate the interplay between environmental policy, incentives to adoptnew technology, and repercussions on R&D. We study a model where a monopolistic upstream firm engages in R&D and sells advanced
abatement technology to polluting downstream firms. We consider four different timing and commitment regimes of environmental
tax and permit policies: ex post taxation (or issuing permits), interim commitment to a tax rate (a quota of permits) after
observing R&D success but before adoption, and finally two types of ex antecommitment before R&D activity, one with a unique tax rate (quota of permits), the other one with a menu of tax rates (permit
quotas). We study the second best tax and permit policies and rank these with respect to welfare. In particular, we find that
commitment to a menu of tax rate dominates all other policy regimes. 相似文献
188.
Synopsis It has been difficult to make progress in the study of ethnicity and nationalism because of the multiple confusions of analytic
and lay terms, and the sheer lack of terminological standardization (often even within the same article). This makes a conceptual
cleaning-up unavoidable, and it is especially salutary to attempt it now that more economists are becoming interested in the
effects of identity on behavior, so that they may begin with the best conceptual tools possible. My approach to these questions
has been informed by anthropological and evolutionary-psychological questions. I will focus primarily on the terms ‘ethnic
group’, ‘nation’, and ‘nationalism’, and I will make the following points: (1) so-called ‘ethnic groups’ are collections of
people with a common cultural identity, plus an ideology of membership by descent and normative endogamy; (2) the ‘group’
in ‘ethnic group’ is a misleading misnomer—these are not ‘groups’ but categories, so I propose to call them ‘ethnies’; (3) ‘nationalism’ mostly refers to the recent ideology that ethnies—cultural communities
with a self-conscious ideology of self-sufficient reproduction—be made politically sovereign; (4) it is very confusing to
use ‘nationalism’ also to stand for ‘loyalty to a multi-ethnic state’ because this is the exact opposite; (5) a ‘nation’ truly
exists only in a politician’s imagination, so analysts should not pretend that establishing whether something ‘really’ is
or is not ‘a nation’ matters; (6) a big analytic cost is paid every time an ‘ethnie’ is called a ‘nation’ because this mobilizes
the intuition that nationalism is indispensable to ethnic organization (not true), which thereby confuses the very historical
process—namely, the recent historical emergence of nationalism—that must be explained; (7) another analytical cost is paid
when scholars pretend that ethnicity is a form of kinship—it is not. 相似文献
189.
Market Structure and Risk Taking in the Banking Industry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We demonstrate that the common view according to which an increase in competition leads banks to increased risk taking fails to hold in an environment where homogeneous loss averse consumers can choose in which bank to make a deposit based on their knowledge of the riskiness incorporated in the banks outstanding loan portfolios. With an exclusive focus on imperfect competition we find that banks incentives for risk taking are invariant to a change in the banking market structure from duopoly to monopoly. Finally, we show that deposit insurance would eliminate the gains from bank competition when banks use asset quality as a strategic instrument.revised version received October 15, 2003 相似文献
190.
Andrew N. Kleit 《Journal of Regulatory Economics》1990,2(2):151-172
Since 1978 the Federal government has regulated the fuel economy of new cars sold in the United States. The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards is to lessen the national dependence on foreign oil. Through the use of theoretical and empirical models this paper examines the impact of CAFE standards on the automobile industry and on energy consumption. It is shown that CAFE standards may or may not save energy. If CAFE does save energy, it does so at a prohibitive cost to the economy. CAFE standards are also shown to have a number of perverse impacts on the automobile industry as well as consumers. 相似文献