全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16425篇 |
免费 | 404篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2923篇 |
工业经济 | 1109篇 |
计划管理 | 2903篇 |
经济学 | 3962篇 |
综合类 | 173篇 |
运输经济 | 118篇 |
旅游经济 | 173篇 |
贸易经济 | 2802篇 |
农业经济 | 608篇 |
经济概况 | 1955篇 |
信息产业经济 | 4篇 |
邮电经济 | 99篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 179篇 |
2020年 | 154篇 |
2019年 | 239篇 |
2018年 | 445篇 |
2017年 | 475篇 |
2016年 | 465篇 |
2015年 | 208篇 |
2014年 | 339篇 |
2013年 | 1347篇 |
2012年 | 701篇 |
2011年 | 645篇 |
2010年 | 366篇 |
2009年 | 514篇 |
2008年 | 438篇 |
2007年 | 389篇 |
2006年 | 419篇 |
2005年 | 1261篇 |
2004年 | 748篇 |
2003年 | 454篇 |
2002年 | 283篇 |
2001年 | 279篇 |
2000年 | 296篇 |
1999年 | 280篇 |
1998年 | 256篇 |
1997年 | 265篇 |
1996年 | 225篇 |
1995年 | 206篇 |
1994年 | 219篇 |
1993年 | 219篇 |
1992年 | 231篇 |
1991年 | 205篇 |
1990年 | 216篇 |
1989年 | 184篇 |
1988年 | 179篇 |
1987年 | 175篇 |
1986年 | 189篇 |
1985年 | 222篇 |
1984年 | 205篇 |
1983年 | 202篇 |
1982年 | 183篇 |
1981年 | 191篇 |
1980年 | 171篇 |
1979年 | 201篇 |
1978年 | 157篇 |
1977年 | 147篇 |
1976年 | 136篇 |
1975年 | 99篇 |
1974年 | 103篇 |
1973年 | 109篇 |
1972年 | 80篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
171.
This paper presents an analytical approach to the tactical question: ‘What level of enforcement over time allows one to eliminate a street market for illicit drugs while expanding the least possible total effort?’ The analysis is done in the context of Caulkins' model [6] which predicts the rate of change of dealers as a function of enforcement level and several market parameters. Our analysis suggests that the simple strategy of using the maximum available enforcement intensity until the market has been eliminated minimizes the total enforcement effort required. 相似文献
172.
Recent contributions to growth theory stress the importance of localized innovation for the performance of more backward countries. In earlier papers, analyses by means of DEA techniques confirmed this intuition. In this paper, we extend this type of analysis by relaxing the macroeconomic viewpoint adopted until now. New databases on output, labor and capital input in the agricultural and manufacturing sectors are developed for 40 countries. Using intertemporal DEA, it is found that changes in the global production frontier are localized at high levels of capital intensity. This result is stronger in agriculture than in manufacturing. Further, a decomposition of labor productivity growth in eight Asian countries for the period 1975–1992 into the effects of capital intensification, learning and innovation is made. The results suggest that there is a particular development path in which increases in capital intensity appear to be a prerequisite to benefit from international technology spillovers.JEL Classification: O14, O30, O40, O47 相似文献
173.
Lilyan?E.?FulginitiEmail author Richard?K.?Perrin 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2005,24(2):133-155
Technical change is generally characterized by a rate and biases, both evaluated for given producer prices. This paper examines
the potential discrepancy between this rate and the corresponding rate of consumer welfare change as measured by Allais distributable
surplus. We postulate a general equilibrium context with various market failures (taxes, quotas, imperfect competition, and
“poorly priced” commodities), and use comparative statics to express the rate of welfare change in terms of the rate and biases
of the technical change. An elementary simulation model of a taxed economy suggests that the rate of welfare change may differ
from the rate of technical change by as much as 50% under plausible circumstances. 相似文献
174.
Airports in the US air transport network have become increasingly congested, leading to delays for business travelers and freight shipments. Since disruptions in one part of the network exacerbate problems throughout the system, airport infrastructure expansions to enhance air traffic flows confer travel-time savings and reliability benefits, and thus increased worker productivity and shipping efficiency for manufacturing firms. We evaluate such spillovers, and find that higher own-state airport infrastructure implies lower manufacturing costs from both labor- and materials-savings. Airport expansion in connected states has a comparable effect for states with hub airports, and an even greater impact for other states. 相似文献
175.
Andrew E. Clark 《Labour economics》1997,4(4):341-372
By most objective standards, women's jobs are worse than men's, yet women report higher levels of job satisfaction than do men. This paper uses a recent large-scale British survey to document the extent of this gender differential for eight measures of job satisfaction and to evaluate the proposition that identical men and women in identical jobs should be equally satisfied. Neither the different jobs that men and women do, their different work values, nor sample selection account for the gender satisfaction differential. The paper's proposed explanation appeals to the notion of relative well-being, especially relative to workers' expectations. An identical man and woman with the same jobs and expectations would indeed report identical job satisfaction, but women's expectations are argued to be lower than men's. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that the gender satisfaction differential disappears for the young, the higher-educated, professionals and those in male-dominated workplaces, for all of whom there is less likely to be a gender difference in job expectations. 相似文献
176.
In an experiment, choice-based (revealed-preference) utility of money is derived from choices under risk, and choiceless (non-revealed-preference) utility from introspective strength-of-preference judgments. The well-known inconsistencies of risky utility under expected utility are resolved under prospect theory, yielding one consistent cardinal utility index for risky choice. Remarkably, however, this cardinal index also agrees well with the choiceless utilities, suggesting a relation between a choice-based and a choiceless concept. Such a relation implies that introspective judgments can provide useful data for economics, and can reinforce the revealed-preference paradigm. This finding sheds new light on the classical debate on ordinal versus cardinal utility. 相似文献
177.
THE INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ON THE UTILITY OF AN ENTREPRENEURIAL TOP MANAGEMENT STYLE 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
This study examined the influence of organization structure on the relationship between top management's entrepreneurial orientation and financial performance. Moderated regression analysis was used to analyse data collected from 80 business organizations. the findings suggest that an entrepreneurial top management style has a positive effect on the performance of organically-structured firms and a negative effect on the performance of mechanistically-structured firms. 相似文献
178.
Zusammenfassung Es wird eine optimale Strategie im Sinne des minimalen erwarteten Verlustes für die beiden Entscheidungeny>y
o undyy
o aufgrund der Messungen einer mitY positiv korrelierten, einfacher und/oder billiger zugänglichen ZufallsvariablenX abgeleitet. Dabei wird angenommen, daßX undY nach einer bivariaten Normalverteilung mit bekannten Parametern verteilt sind und die Entscheidungyy
o getroffen wird, wennx größer ist als ein zu bestimmendesx
o, und die Entscheidungy>y
o, wennx gleich oder kleiner als diesesx
o ist. Für die Bestimmung des optimalenx
o werden zunächst die Kosten für die beiden Fehlentscheidungen jeweils als konstant vorausgesetzt, in einem weiteren Ansatz wird jedoch für die Mißklassifikationyy
o eine mity exponentiell wachsende Risikofunktion angenommen. Um die relative Häufigkeit der zu erwartenden Fehlklassifikationen abschätzen zu können, wird schließlich die bedingte WahrscheinlichkeitP(x>x
o,y) errechnet.
Summary An optimal strategy, with minimum expected risk, for the decisionsy>y o oryy o is constructed on the basis of the measurement of a variableX, which is positively correlated withY and can be measured more easily and/or with smaller expense. A bivariate normal distribution with known parameters is assumed forX andY. For the observationsx a limitx o is aimed at, so that the decisionsy>y o oryy o are taken ifx>x orxx o respectively. Optimal values ofx o are first calculated under the assumption of constant losses for the two misclassifications (x>x o ifyy o andxx o ify>y o). In a further approach the loss for a wrong decisionyy o is assumed to increase exponentially withy. Finally the conditional probabilityP (x>x o\y) is calculated to get an assessment of the relative frequencies of wrong decisions to be expected.相似文献
179.
The efficiency of decomposition vs direct solution with implications for the question of decentralized or centralized planning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. P. Wong 《Economics of Planning》1973,13(3):199-209
Conclusion The investigation provides overwhelming evidence that decomposition tends to become increasingly more efficient than direct solution as the number of subproblems becomes greater.Further investigation would be required to obtain a comparable picture of the behaviour of decomposition with respect to an increasing number of variables in the master problem as their range of variation in the present study is rather restricted.It is gratefully acknowledged: that in implementing the decompositional procedure on the computer I have benefitted from Mr. A. C. McKay's advice on matters relating to the computer programmes; also that I enjoyed the pleasant and friendly co-operation of the staff of the computer Centre, University of Birmingham, without which the difficulties involved in carrying out the present task would have been compounded manifold; that Dr. C.-L. Sandblom carefully studied this paper and suggested a number of valuable improvements. Finally, I should like to thank Professor Kronsjö for the encouragement that he has given to me in executing this project and to the research council which made this investigation possible. 相似文献
180.
Summary A procedure is proposed in this paper for testing the shape parameter, of the Weibull distribution. The test statistic which is based on the extremal quotient, possesses a monotone property which makes it possible for rejection earlier than the last planned observation of the null hypothesis,H
0: =0 when the alternative hypothesis isH
a: <0 and early acceptance ofH
0 whenH
a: >0. The test being scale-free, does not require the scale parameter to be known. 相似文献