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991.
Andrew Kirby 《Socio》1979,13(6):327-332
This paper considers the socio-economic structure of the inner area of Newcastle upon Tyne, in an attempt to contrast notions of a cycle of deprivation and the “housing trap” thesis. The use of discriminant analysis suggests that there exists no concentration of low-income groups within the inner city. The relationship between multiple deprivation and resource provision is examined with respect to this finding. 相似文献
992.
Streeten P 《Finance & development》1979,16(3):28-31
Despite growing hostility and basic misconceptions, the concept of "basic human needs" has superseded former approaches, including concentration on growth, creation of employment, and redistribution of benefits to the poor, as the approach by which mass deprivation may be reduced. The new approach can be defined briefly as one which is designed to improve, first, the income earning opportunities for the poor; second, the public services that reach the poor; third, the flow of goods and services to meet the needs of all members of the household; and fourth, participation of the poor in the ways in which their needs are met. All four pillars must be built on a sustainable basis. In addition, basic needs must be met in a shorter period and at a lower level of earned income per capita than has generally been true in the past, or than would have been achieved via the income expansion associated with growth alone. The basic needs approach is concerned with particular goods and services directed at particular, identified human beings. Another advantage of the basic needs approach is that it is a more positive concept than the double negatives of eliminating or reducing unemployment, alleviating poverty, or reducing inequality. The basic needs approach spells out in considerable detail human needs in terms of health, food, education, water, shelter, transport, simple household goods, as well as non-material needs like participation, cultural identity, and a sense of purpose in life and work, which interact with the material needs. 相似文献
993.
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997.
Gross stocks of foreign assets have increased rapidly relative to national outputs since 1990, and the short-run capital gains
and losses on those assets can amount to significant fractions of GDP. These fluctuations in asset values render the national
income and product account measure of the current account balance increasingly inadequate as a summary of the change in a
country's net foreign assets. Nonetheless, unusually large current account imbalances, especially deficits, should remain
high on policymakers' list of concerns, even, for the richer and less credit-constrained countries. Extreme imbalances signal
the need for large and perhaps abrupt real exchange rate changes in the future, changes that might have undesired political
and financial consequences given the incompleteness of domestic and international asset markets. Furthermore, of the two sources
of the change in net foreign assets—the current account and the capital gain on the net foreign asset position—the former
is better understood and more amenable to policy influence. Systematic government attempts to manipulate international asset
values in order to change the net foreign asset position could have a destabilizing effect on market expectations. JEL no.
F21, F32, F36, F41 相似文献
998.
This paper provides some empirical evidence on one of the most controversial theoretical implications of the new open economy
literature, which refers to the role of the current account in the international monetary transmission mechanism. In order
to throw some light on this issue, two structural VAR models are estimated separately for 14 industrialized countries. The
main empirical results highlight the importance of the role of nominal disturbances for current account fluctuations. Additionally,
it is found that expansionary nominal shocks generate temporary current account surpluses, whose size is positively correlated
with the openness of the individual countries. JEL no. C32, E40, F41, F42 相似文献
999.
This paper is the first attempt to analyze ITC Commissioner voting behavior on sunset reviews of antidumping cases. Sunset
determinations entail greater complexity than initial antidumping investigations because ITC commissioners must account for
the impact of dumping protection as well as competitive forces on industry conditions. Empirical findings indicate that ITC
voting is based on both sunset regulation and nonstatutory factors. Results reveal apparent biases against Chinese competitors
and poorer nations generally, and favorable treatment toward U.S. steel producers and high-wage industries. There is also
evidence of preferential treatment of industries located in states of Senate oversight committee members. JEL no. F13 相似文献
1000.
Productivity and the Euro-Dollar exchange rate 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article analyses the impact of productivity developments in the United States and the euro area on the euro-dollar exchange
rate. The article presents a new measure of relative average labour, productivity (ALP) which does not suffer from the biases
implicit in readily available relative ALP data. Importantly, the patterns of these series differ widely. Employing the Johansen
cointegration framework, four models are estimated using four different productivity proxies. Our results indicate that the
extent to which productivity can explain the euro depreciation varies with the productivity proxy used: readily available
measures explain most, our new, preferred measure least. In all models, however, productivity can explain only a fraction
of the actual euro depreciation experienced in 1999–2000. JEL no. F31, C32, O47
The views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Central Bank
or its staff. 相似文献