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11.
The literature on product competition advocates a differentiation strategy assuming firm homogeneity in resources. However, firm heterogeneity in resource endowments has long been recognized in economics. Merging these two perspectives, we show that the increase in consumer preference for quality leads to firms' aggressive price competition instead of quality differentiation. As consumers look for higher quality, the cost advantage arising from superior resources increases and makes head-to-head competition more profitable than accommodating a less efficient rival. When consumers are highly concerned about quality, even a small resource difference leads a more efficient firm to initiate cutthroat price competition for market dominance. 相似文献
12.
The steady rise in the premiums charged to art buyers at auction (above hammer price) has been underway since 1992. This article, using a stable and bounded sample of repeat purchase of American works created before 1950, reveals that this tact has reduced hammer prices for that art. However, renewed and hyper-competitive efforts to bring more and higher quality art to market by the two main houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, have resulted in general profitability. Nevertheless, we calculate that a rise in buyers’ premia at Sotheby’s, a publically traded company, has reduced revenues and profits below their potential in the absence of such increases. 相似文献
13.
Hydropower can provide inexpensive, flexible fill-in power to compensate for intermittent renewable generation. Policies for
hydropower dams maintain multiple services beyond electric generation, including environmental protection, flood control and
recreation. We model the decision of a hydroelectric generator to shift some of its power production capacity away from the
day-ahead energy market into a “wind-following” service to smooth the intermittent production of wind turbines. Offering such
a service imposes both private and social opportunity costs. Since fluctuations in wind energy output are not perfectly correlated
with day-ahead energy prices, a wind-following service will necessarily affect generator revenues. Seasonal wind patterns
produce conflicts with the goal of managing rivers for “ecosystem services”—the maintenance or enhancement of downstream ecosystems.
We illustrate our decision model using the Kerr Dam in PJM’s territory in North Carolina. We simulate the operation of Kerr
Dam over a three-year period that features hydrologic variability from normal water years to extreme drought conditions. We
use an optimization framework to estimate reservation prices for Kerr Dam offering wind-following services in the PJM market.
Wind-following may be profitable for Kerr Dam at low capacity levels during some time periods if ecosystems services are neglected
and if side payments, or reserves-type payments, are provided. Wind-following with ecosystem services yields revenue losses
that typically cannot be recovered with reserves market payments. Water release patterns are inconsistent with ecosystem-services
goals when Kerr Dam dedicates significant capacity to wind-following, particularly in drought years. 相似文献
14.
Adam Seth Litwin 《劳资关系》2013,52(1):22-52
This study draws on employment relations and management theory, claiming that certain innovative employment practices and work structures pave the way for organizational innovation, namely investments in information technology (IT). It then finds support for the theory in a cross‐section of UK workplaces. The findings suggest that firms slow to adopt IT realize that their conventional employment model hinders their ability to make optimal use of new technologies. Therefore, the paper advances the literature beyond studies of unionization's impact on business investment to a broader set of issues on the employment relations features that make organizations ripe for innovation. 相似文献
15.
采用薄层色谱法对金蒲利胆合剂处方中的大黄、厚朴进行了鉴别,用高效液相法对其中的金银花、茵陈进行含量测定。发现薄层色谱清晰,无干扰,重现性良好;绿原酸在0.0156~0.390μg范围内峰面积与进样量呈良好的线性关系,回收率达到96.88%,RSD=0.86%。说明该方法专属性强、重现性好、准确度高,可作为金蒲茵利胆合剂质量控制指标。 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this paper is to expand the discussion of the ‘state-of-the-science’ in strategy research. We critically examine the role that theory plays in strategic research, and describe the principles underlying good theory. From a philosophy of science perspective, we argue that: (1) both inductive and deductive methods are valid ways of generating theory; (2) the falsificationist perspective provides an inadequate model for describing the process of theory testing; and (3) managers, researchers, public policy-makers, the popular press, and the public at large all have important roles to play in the knowledge development process. 相似文献
17.
18.
We conduct an investigation of the sources of gains and losses in cross‐border acquisitions in light of different motives for undertaking these transactions: synergy‐seeking, managerialism and hubris. We find that the data are consistent with the expectation that multiple sources of value creation exist in synergistic cross‐border acquisitions: asset sharing, reverse internalization of valuable intangible assets, and financial diversification. Gains accrue to bidder firm shareholders only for the least fungible of these sources of gains, i.e., reverse internalization. For value‐destroying acquisitions that are expected to be driven by managerialism, we find that the data are consistent with only one of the sources of value destruction that we examine, i.e., risk reduction. In these acquisitions, the evidence also suggests that the relative size of the target to the bidder mitigates the negative effects of risk reduction. Our results underscore the importance of considering the implications of alternative behavioral assumptions in empirical strategy content research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
With the explosion of online exchange of products, the sharing economy is experiencing ever-increasing growth. Despite the increasing popularity of lateral exchange market platforms as part of the sharing economy, research has not yet adequately investigated cultural effects on how consumers’ intentions to purchase products on these platforms. Using two studies, this paper examines whether consumers high in individualism versus consumers high in collectivism respond differently to platforms with low versus high consociality and how individualistic and collectivistic consumers respond differently to two types of promotions that relate to self-maximization. Findings in Study 1 indicated that consumers high in individualism (collectivism) have higher patronage intentions toward a platform low (high) in consociality. Findings in Study 2 suggested that in the presence of a promotion, collectivistic consumers respond comparably to promotional types across platforms, whereas individualistic consumers respond more positively to collective (individual) promotions when consociality is low (high). Further, felt commitment to others as a result of the consociality/promotional type relationship explains these effects. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. 相似文献
20.