A probability inequality for ranges and its application to maximum range test procedures

Summary It is proved that for any fixed argument the sequence (P _k) of the distribution functions of the ranges ofk i.i.d. univariate random variables is log-concave if the random variables have a log-concave density. If the support of the distribution is an infinite interval and the density is monotonous then the theorem holds also with “log-convex” instead of “log-concave”. The resulting inequalities can be used by a quick algorithm for closed maximum range test procedures for all pairwise comparisons (Royen 1988, 1989a, 1989b). Under the above assumptions the application of this algorithm can be extended e.g. to pairwise comparisons of variances.     

Behind closed doors: Sex bias at professional and managerial levels

U.S. companies have made important strides in combating sex discrimination in the workplace over the last two decades, but more subtle forms of sex bias still exist, often in decisions and behaviors that occur behind closed doors. This paper focuses on sex bias at professional and managerial levels. It explores sources of sex bias in the informal culture, selection and recruitment, task assignment, performance appraisal, promotion, and salary allocation, and then suggests action steps to help reduce sex bias in each of these areas.     

Ratings and confirmation

We present a formalism which makes explicit and precise the confirming effect of multiple observers and repeated trials on composite ratings, considering the relevant subjective inputs.     

The economics of urban yard space: An “implicit-market” model for housing attributes

A theoretical housing model is developed embodying the approach of the recent hedonic price literature. Instead of focusing on a scalar “housing service” consumption measure, the model portrays housing as a commodity with two attributes: floor space and yard space. Developers react to a consumer bid-rent function, which relates dwelling rent to floor space, yard space, and location, in choosing the profit-maximizing characteristics of their housing complexes. The spatial behavior of the developer's choice variables is investigated (an interesting question is whether yards are larger farther from the urban center), and a comparative static analysis of the housing market equilibrium is presented.