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31.
Arthur Midwinter 《Financial Accountability and Management》2001,17(4):311-320
The modernisation agenda for local government is based on questionable political assumptions. It has the attributes of a theological concept. This paper examines the concept of modernisation of local government by focusing on three dimensions (1) governance, (2) management and (3) finance. This analysis suggests the modernisation agenda is limited in scope and vision. 相似文献
32.
This paper investigates how the characteristics of demand for space help determine the response of aggregate automobile mileage to increased gasoline prices. A typical monocentric model is considered in which household heads commute to work at the center of city. Precise results are derived under the assumption that all households have the same income and that transportation is a small item in the typical budget. Finally, a numerical projection is made based on estimates of the relevant parameters. 相似文献
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34.
An ideal Kyoto protocol: emissions trading, redistributive transfers and global participation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We demonstrate that an interregional policy scheme featuringtrading of carbon dioxide emissions, redistributive resourcetransfers and global participation, a scheme which we call IdealKyoto Protocol, yields an efficient equilibrium allocationfor a global economy. An altruistic international agencysay,the Global Environment Facilityshould operate the resourcetransfer mechanism. In addition, regional governments shouldbe able to make independent policy commitments regarding howto control regional emissions of carbon dioxide in anticipationof the redistributive transfers. Our efficiency result suggeststhat the USA should be bribed to reverse its decisionof not participating in the Kyoto Protocol. 相似文献
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37.
钉住一篮子货币如何运转? 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
2005年11月3日,美国国际经济研究所高级研究员,著名国际经济政策问题专家,华盛顿共识提出者约翰·威廉姆森(John Williamson)在中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所做题为"钉住货币篮子的制度如何运行(How does the basket peg work)"的讲演. 相似文献
38.
Daniel L. McFadden Albert C. Bemmaor Francis G. Caro Jeff Dominitz Byung-Hill Jun Arthur Lewbel Rosa L. Matzkin Francesca Molinari Norbert Schwarz Robert J. Willis Joachim K. Winter 《Marketing Letters》2005,16(3-4):183-196
Measures of households' past behavior, their expectations with respect to future events and contingencies, and their intentions
with respect to future behavior are frequently collected using household surveys. These questions are conceptually difficult.
Answering them requires elaborate cognitive and social processes, and often respondents report only their “best” guesses and/or
estimates, using more or less sophisticated heuristics. A large body of literature in psychology and survey research shows
that as a result, responses to such questions may be severely biased. In this paper, (1) we describe some of the problems
that are typically encountered, (2) provide some empirical illustrations of these biases, and (3) develop a framework for
conceptualizing survey response behavior and for integrating structural models of response behavior into the statistical analysis
of the underlying economic behavior. 相似文献
39.
Increasing returns and the new world of business 总被引:58,自引:0,他引:58
Arthur WB 《Harvard business review》1996,74(4):100-109
Our understanding of how markets and businesses operate was passed down to us more than a century ago by English economist Alfred Marshall. It is based on the assumption of diminishing returns: products or companies that get ahead in a market eventually run into limitations so that a predictable equilibrium of prices and market shares is reached. The theory was valid for the bulk-processing, smokestack economy of Marshall's day. But in this century, Western economies have gone from processing resources to processing information, from the application of raw energy to the application of ideas. The mechanisms that determine economic behavior have also shifted--from diminishing returns to increasing returns. Increasing returns are the tendency for that which is ahead to get further ahead and for that which is losing advantage to lose further advantage. If a product gets ahead, increasing returns can magnify the advantage, and the product can go on to lock in the market. Mechanisms of increasing returns exist alongside those of diminishing returns in all industries. But, in general, diminishing returns hold sway in the traditional, resource-processing industries. Increasing returns reign in the newer, knowledge-based industries. Modern economies have split into two interrelated worlds of business corresponding to the two types of returns. The two worlds have different economics. They differ in behavior, style, and culture. They call for different management techniques, strategies, and codes of government regulation. The author illuminates those differences by explaining how increasing returns operate in high tech and in service industries. He also offers advice to managers in knowledge-based markets. 相似文献
40.
B. Dan Kamp Gail Rex Miller Arthur Haley 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(1):83-98
The paper presents a conceptual model of an integrated management information system for municipal parks maintenance and operations. Research efforts in management information systems are presented in three categories: Business Research, Federally Sponsored Research, and Park and Recreation Systems Research. A case is made for further empirical research, the development of normative models, and evaluative criteria in an attempt to realize the full potential of electronic data processing in parks and recreation. 相似文献