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91.
The significance of product innovation charters (PICs) cannot be overemphasized, as they provide understanding and a tool for setting organizational goals, charting strategic direction, and allocating resources for new product portfolios. In a unique way, a PIC represents a sort of mission statement mutation for new products. With the backdrop of strategy formulation and product innovation literatures, this article investigates the impact of both content specificity within PICs and satisfaction with the PIC formulation process on new product performance in North American corporations. A survey was undertaken among executives knowledgeable about their organization's new product development process. The respondents included chief executive officers, vice presidents, directors, and managers. The findings demonstrate that significant differences exist both in PIC content specificity and process satisfaction between highly innovative and low innovative firms. The study also shows that PIC specificity in terms of the factors mission content and strategic directives positively influences new product performance. Further, the study demonstrates that satisfaction with the process of formulating PICs plays a positive and powerful mediating role in the PIC specificity–performance relationship. The results suggest that product innovation charters, like their mission statement cousins, may be of more value than most managers realize. The study shows that achieving a state of organizational satisfaction with a PIC's formulation process is critical for obtaining better new product performance. Directions for future research also are suggested. 相似文献
92.
It is shown that fractional factorial plans represented by orthogonal arrays of strength three are universally optimal under
a model that includes the mean, all main effects and all two-factor interactions between a specified factor and each of the
other factors. Thus, such plans exhibit a kind of model robustness in being universally optimal under two different models.
Procedures for obtaining universally optimal block designs for fractional factorial plans represented by orthogonal arrays
are also discussed.
Acknowledgements. The authors wish to thank the referees for making several useful comments on a previous version. 相似文献
93.
Summary In this paper, a series ofE-optimal non-binary variance balanced (block or row-column) designs and a series ofE-optimal non-binary efficiency balanced (block or row-column) designs are provided in certain broad classes of competing designs.
Furthermore, their high efficiencies by the usualA- andD-optimality criteria are shown. 相似文献
94.
Ashish Arora 《Journal of development economics》1996,50(2):233-256
Recent research on the economic payoff from new technology has emphasized the importance of tacit knowledge or know-how. This paper shows that arm's length contract can overcome the problems in contracting for know-how by bundling complementary inputs with know-how in a technology package, and leveraging the superior enforceability of contracts over the latter. In the empirical part of this paper, the relationship between bundling and transfer of know-how is analyzed, using Indian data. The results imply that tied sales of inputs may increase the efficiency of contracts involving the transfer of know-how. A striking result, in the context of the current North-South debates on intellectual property rights, is the packaging of patents with know-how. 相似文献
95.
96.
This paper estimates Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR) models, both spatial and non-spatial (univariate and multivariate),
for the twenty largest states of the US economy, using quarterly data over the period 1976:Q1–1994:Q4; and then forecasts
one-to-four quarters-ahead real house price growth over the out-of-sample horizon of 1995:Q1–2006:Q4. The forecasts are evaluated
by comparing them with those from an unrestricted classical Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and the corresponding univariate
variant of the same. Finally, the models that produce the minimum average Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs), are used to predict
the downturns in the real house price growth over the recent period of 2007:Q1–2008:Q1. The results show that the BVARs, in
whatever form they might be, are the best performing models in 19 of the 20 states. Moreover, these models do a fair job in
predicting the downturn in 18 of the 19 states. 相似文献
97.
The paper attempts to examine whether there is price convergence across various regions in India. Using panel unit root tests
that are robust to cross-sectional dependence, it is found that relative price levels among various regions in India are mean-reverting.
Further, we decompose each series into a set of common factors and idiosyncratic components. The decomposition enables us
to test stationarity and estimate half-lives of the common factors and the idiosyncratic components separately. Both these
components are found to be stationary. Idiosyncratic price shocks, however, are found to be more persistent as compared to
the common factor. Results also indicate that transportation cost proxied by distance can explain a part of the variation
in prices between two locations in India.
The authors would like to thank Dibyendu Bhaumik for arranging the data for this study. Views expresed in the paper are personal
and do not reflect the views of the organizations. 相似文献
98.
Ashish Rana 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》2003,15(1):45-54
Renewable energy technologies (RETs) are attractive for sustainable energy supply and CO2 mitigation. In this paper, a CGE model is used to analyze the effects of rapid reduction of costs of solar power generation, an important RET, in India. Alternate scenarios of cost reduction of solar power, hybrid scenarios with a carbon tax and a scenario of only carbon tax are compared with a reference scenario. Simulation results show that under such a scenario, high penetration of solar technology, economic gains, and modest emission reduction are achieved. The analysis shows that compared to accelerated solar technology scenario, a carbon tax achieves superior mitigation. Broad policy implications for developing countries are drawn in the context of global climate change debate. 相似文献
99.
Dilip K. Das 《Economic Affairs》2009,29(1):86-88
Starting from a low base, south–south trade has picked up momentum over the last two decades. It is emerging as a new dimension of the global economy and can potentially usher in several benefits for developing economies. The emerging economies of the dynamic south (EEDS) not only provided a striking impetus to south–south trade but also contributed to the changing mise-en-scène of the global economy. However, given the moribund state of the Doha Round, additional policy measures need to be taken by the EEDS. 相似文献
100.
We bridge current streams of innovation research to explore the interplay between R&D, external knowledge, and organizational structure—three elements of a firm's innovation strategy, which we argue should logically be studied together. Using within‐firm patent assignment patterns, we develop a novel measure of structure for a large sample of American firms. We find that centralized firms invest more in research, and patent more per R&D dollar, than decentralized firms. Both types access technology via mergers and acquisitions, but their acquisitions differ in terms of frequency, size, and integration. Consistent with our framework, their sources of value creation differ: while centralized firms derive more value from internal R&D, decentralized firms rely more on external knowledge. We discuss how these findings should stimulate more integrative work on theories of innovation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献