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41.
Variance-ratio tests are routinely employed to assess the variation in return volatility over time and across markets. However, such tests are not statistically robust and can be seriously misleading within a high-frequency context. We develop improved inference procedures using a Fourier Flexible Form regression framework. The practical significance is illustrated through tests for changes in the FX intraday volatility pattern following the removal of trading restrictions in Tokyo. Contrary to earlier evidence, we find nodiscernible changes outside of the Tokyo lunch period. We ascribe the difference to the fragile finite-sample inference of conventional variance-ratio procedures and a single outlier. 相似文献
42.
In the current downturn, managers are searching for the so‐called “hidden fat” in their departmental budgets. One area where focusing management attention could yield substantial value is the frequently neglected accounts receivable (A/R) function. This article seeks to provide finance professionals with rigorous estimates of A/R costs in the commercial freight industry. While pure processing costs are significant, implicit financial costs such as receivable carrying costs can run up to three or four times higher than processing costs. Web‐based payment solutions will continue to provide sterling opportunities to improve relationships with trading partners, to save time, and to improve profit margins by cutting costs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
43.
Research summary: In this article, we document a shift away from science by large corporations between 1980 and 2006. We find that publications by company scientists have declined over time in a range of industries. We also find that the value attributable to scientific research has dropped, whereas the value attributable to technical knowledge (as measured by patents) has remained stable. These trends are unlikely to be driven principally by changes in publication practices. Furthermore, science continues to be useful as an input into innovation. Our evidence points to a reduction of the private benefits of internal research. Large firms still value the golden eggs of science (as reflected in patents), but seem to be increasingly unwilling to invest in the golden goose itself (the internal scientific capabilities). Managerial summary: There is a widespread belief among commentators that large American corporations are withdrawing from research. Large corporations may still collaborate with universities and acquire promising science‐based start‐ups, but their labs increasingly focus on developing existing knowledge and commercializing it, rather than creating new knowledge. In this article, we combine firm‐level financial information with a large and comprehensive data set on firm publications, patents and acquisitions to quantify the withdrawal from science by large American corporations between 1980 and 2006. This withdrawal is associated with a decline in the private value of research activities, even though scientific knowledge itself remains important for corporate invention. We discuss the managerial and policy implications of our findings. 相似文献
44.
45.
Ashish Arora 《Journal of development economics》1996,50(2):233-256
Recent research on the economic payoff from new technology has emphasized the importance of tacit knowledge or know-how. This paper shows that arm's length contract can overcome the problems in contracting for know-how by bundling complementary inputs with know-how in a technology package, and leveraging the superior enforceability of contracts over the latter. In the empirical part of this paper, the relationship between bundling and transfer of know-how is analyzed, using Indian data. The results imply that tied sales of inputs may increase the efficiency of contracts involving the transfer of know-how. A striking result, in the context of the current North-South debates on intellectual property rights, is the packaging of patents with know-how. 相似文献
46.
Reeti Agarwal;Ankit Mehrotra;Anubhav Mishra;Nripendra P. Rana;Robin Nunkoo;Meehee Cho; 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2024,26(2):e2643
With the growth of sustainable tourism research and its practical relevance in today's world, it is important to integrate and synthesize the vast amount ofintellectual work on this topic. This research applies a novel and robust structural topic modeling technique to analyze textual data from a total of 3289 research articles on sustainable tourism published between 1978 and 2022. The topics identified have been classified into macro, meso, and micro levels. Further, we compared and contrasted research themes across three time periods to provide a coherent, cohesive, and holistic overview of the extant literature in each period and discuss their contributions to knowledge. This article presents the publication trends, research evolution in the last four decades, and identifies emerging topics and future research opportunities to advance knowledge. 相似文献
47.
Almost all health care related organizations, including hospitals and pharmacies, have installed some sort of automated telephone system. Most of these organizations have installed this system to eliminate personnel, while at the same time promoting the fact that they will be helpful to the consumer. This study (comprising of 255 respondents) was designed to assess the consumer's perceptions and experiences with such automated systems. Our study clearly indicates that most individuals strongly agree that healthcare product and service information should be available via the telephone. 相似文献
48.
In an era when consumers believe that businesses should engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR), it is vital to understand how it affects consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for the goods and services offered by such businesses. There is a need for an in-depth study into the relationship between CSR and WTP, and to identify the mediators and the moderators affecting this relationship. To investigate this, we conducted a systematic literature review based on a preliminary search result of 116 unique articles indexed on this topic in four bibliographic databases—Scopus, Google Scholar, Dimensions and Web of Science—published over the previous seven decades. The findings confirm the overall positive effect of CSR on WTP. This study also reveals the indirect effect between CSR and WTP, mediated by variables like Brand Trust, Brand Loyalty, Brand Love, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Attitude, Purchase Intention and Brand Equity. The relationship is impacted by moderators, including demographics, cause-based aspects, company characteristics, personal aspects and types of products. The theory explaining the evidence of each of these aspects provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between CSR and WTP, and the intervening variables. Based on these, a conceptual framework of this relationship involving all the variables is developed. The Theory, Context and Method (TCM) framework is employed to identify gaps and systematically make recommendations for future research. The findings of this study will aid marketers in developing pricing strategies based on a thorough understanding of consumer behaviour in terms of CSR perceptions. Scholars can use this study's conceptual framework to examine previously unexplored relationships. As the literature on CSR and its influence on consumers' purchase behaviour grows, this comprehensive systematic literature review on the effects of CSR on WTP fills an important gap. 相似文献
49.
This study examines the notion of ‹spirituality’ as a dimension of human self, and its relevance and role in management. Major
thesis of this research is that spirituality of employees is reflected in work climate. This may in turn affect the employees’
service to the customers. In the first part of the study a Spiritual Climate Inventory is developed and validated with the
data from manufacturing and service sector employees. In the later part, hypothesis of positive impact of spiritual climate
on customers’ experience of employees’ service is examined and found to be substantiated empirically.
相似文献
| A. P. AroraEmail: |
50.
Ritu Rana Manoj Sharma 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2019,28(3):348-364
This study examines the causality relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth (GDP) and CO2 emissions along with the level of trade (exports and imports) taking place in India. The study uses data obtained from World Development Indicators (WDI) of World Bank Group for the period 1982–2013. The study employed the dynamic multivariate Toda-Yamamoto (TY) approach that uses the modified Wald (MWALD) test. Among the major findings of the study are: the existence of both Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in India. The other findings of the study are: FDI is causing exports; exports are causing imports; imports are causing CO2 emissions; and finally CO2 emissions and GDP are causing each other. This finding concludes mainly two things. First, India imports more of pollution-intensive manufactured goods. Second, FDI is causing GDP in India but through CO2 emissions. 相似文献