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31.
Cross hedging price risk in an incomplete financial market creates basis risk. We propose a new way of modeling basis risk where price risk and basis risk are combined in a multiplicative way. Under this specification, positive prudence is a necessary and sufficient condition for underhedging in an unbiased market. Using the example of cross hedging jet fuel price risk with crude oil futures, we show that the new specification is superior in describing the price series and that optimal cross hedges differ significantly from those derived under the traditional additive cross hedging model. 相似文献
32.
Information feedback is a much debated issue on balancing power markets: which information on past auctions should be published and when? The article analyzes advantages and disadvantages of different feedback policies applied to the example of the Swiss balancing power market. Our main conclusion is that the publication of the marginal bid is usually recommendable. This is often not the case for additional information (e.g. extramarginal bids). However, the answer depends on the specific market design and the market structure. 相似文献
33.
The EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) are presently renegotiating
their trade relations. Behind these negotiations are the fundamental conflict between
the existing arrangement and multilateral trade rules, the frustration regarding poor ACP
trade performance, the ineffectiveness of trade and trade-related ACP policies, and the
inefficiency of corresponding EU assistance. This article highlights the fundamentals of
the envisaged Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the EU and the ACP
countries, sums up previous estimates of their probable economic impact, discusses
policy options for ACP countries and sheds light on basic prerequisites, particularly on
institutional conditions, that should be fulfilled to ensure the success of EPAs. 相似文献
34.
35.
Axel J. Halbach 《Intereconomics》1994,29(2):98-102
The collapse of socialism and opening up of markets in the East has led to a significant structural change in direct investment behaviour on a worldwide scale. The trend is particularly evident in Germany's direct investment patterns over the past two years. While newly industrializing countries in Latin America and Asia continue to be attractive investment locations, the major losers are the less developed countries, especially in Africa. There is a good deal of evidence to suggest that the countries of Africa, with a small number of exceptions, are increasingly becoming pure recipients of development aid. 相似文献
36.
37.
Axel J. Halbach 《Intereconomics》1979,14(3):145-154
Taiwan is developing ever more perceptibly into what both Peking and Taipei consider it to be: a province of China, albeit a province sui generis—part of China and yet an independent state, enjoying world-wide recognition though denied diplomatic relations, a leading commercial power but without proper commercial treaties. The prosperity which has been generated in the island is an ever present temptation for the People's Republic. Is it tempting enough to provoke an appeal to arms? Or is Red China's perfectly legitimate interest directed primarily at the exchange of goods and technologies? 相似文献
38.
Felicitas Nowak‐Lehmann Axel Dreher Dierk Herzer Stephan Klasen Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso 《The Canadian journal of economics》2012,45(1):288-313
Abstract. We analyze the relationship between per capita income and foreign aid. We employ annual data and five‐year averages and carefully examine the time‐series properties of the data. Panel estimations with dynamic feasible generalized least‐squares (DFGLS) show that aid generally has an insignificant or minute negative significant impact on per capita income (particularly in highly aid‐dependent countries). This holds true for countries with different levels of human development and income, as well as for different regions. We also find that aid has a small positive impact on investment, but a significant negative impact on domestic savings (crowding out) and the real exchange rate (appreciation). JEL classification: F35, O11, C23, C51 相似文献
39.
This paper analyzes timing issues on the German balancing power market. We focus the analysis on the length of the bidding
period, i.e. the length of the time period a supplier has to provide balancing power capacities, and the question of how far
before the beginning of a bidding period the auction should be carried out. We show that different load levels require different
plants for the optimal provision of balancing power. In a longer bidding period, the power plants that have the lowest average
cost in the bidding period are unlikely to be efficient in all hours of the bidding period. Hence, shortening bidding periods
can increase efficiency. Furthermore, we show that an early commitment on a power plant’s mode of operation (when uncertainty
about resulting spot prices is still relatively high) also reduces efficiency. This suggests that the auction should be held
relatively close to the beginning of the bidding period. Furthermore, we discuss some advantages of a liquid real time market. 相似文献
40.
This study uses a relative purchasing power parity (PPP) model based on price indexes (consumer, CPI or traded-goods price indexes, TPI), interest rate differentials, and a linear forecasting technique to determine the horizon over which such a model outperforms a random walk in forecasting the Yen/U.S. Dollar exchange rates out-of-sample. The results improve if one adjusts a simple CPI-based PPP-model by interest rate differentials, while the best results are obtained using a TPI-based PPP-model. For example, the TPI-based model, adjusted by interest rate differentials, is able to statistically significantly outperform the pure random walk starting at forecast horizons of 1 month. 相似文献