This paper proposes a Bayesian estimation procedure to determine the priorities of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in
group decision making when there are a large number of actors and a prior consensus among them is not required. Using a hierarchical
Bayesian approach based on mixtures to describe the prior distribution of the priorities in the multiplicative model traditionally
used in the stochastic AHP, this methodology allows us to identify homogeneous groups of actors with different patterns of
behaviour for the rankings of priorities. The proposed procedure consists of a two-step estimation algorithm: the first step
carries out a global exploration of the model space by using birth and death processes, the second concerns a local exploration
by means of Gibbs sampling. The methodology has been illustrated by the analysis of a case study adapted from a real experiment
on e-democracy developed for the City Council of Zaragoza (Spain).
Partially funded under the research project Electronic Government. Internet-based Complex Decision Making: e-democracy and e-cognocracy (Ref. PM2004-052) approved by the Regional Government of Aragon (Spain) as part of the multi-disciplinary projects programme. 相似文献
This article uses data from the 1998 European Community Household Panel to study economic inequality in Spain. It reports
data on the Spanish distributions of income, labor income, and capital income, and on related features of inequality, such
as age, employment status, educational attainment, and marital status. It also reports data on the income mobility of Spanish
households, and data on income inequality in other European countries and in the US. We find that income, earnings, and, especially,
capital income are very unequally distributed in Spain and that economic inequality in Spain is well above the European average. 相似文献
In monetary models where M0 has no social costs and a positive demand for cash and deposits is taken as a primitive, we show
that the compensating variation in endowment is the exact general equilibrium measure of welfare costs of perfectly anticipated
inflation. As a consequence, we show that a good approximation to the welfare costs of inflation is given by the area under
the compensated demand for M0, a result that brings us back to Bailey (J Polit Econ 64:93–110, 1956). The estimated welfare
costs of inflation are bounded at less than a quarter of a percent of the GDP for the U.S. economy.
相似文献
ABSTRACTLearning a language or improving one’s foreign language skills may be a key motivator for students to decide to participate in an exchange program as well as choose the destination for their studies. Nevertheless, studies on educational tourism are limited, and there is no research on the motivations of students visiting non-English-speaking countries. To fill this gap, this paper aims to examine the motivations of university students in non-English-speaking destinations by using the push-and-pull framework. Primary data were collected through an online survey from 190 and 205 students who participated in mobility programs in a Spanish university and in a German university respectively. Empirical findings reveal that languages are a key motivating factor for either growing personally through cultural enrichment, or growing professionally. Furthermore, these data allow generic recommendations so that the destinations can attract a larger number of international students. 相似文献
The relationship between energy and capital is one of the most important aspects of modern economic growth. Machines need energy to produce all the goods we enjoy; energy would be far less useful for humankind in absence of machines. However, the great majority of the economic models do not take into account the elasticities of substitution (or complementaries) between these two main variables. Actually, energy is absent in many growth models and discussions on diverging economic development paths. We approach this relevant issue from a new perspective: energy and capital relations during 100 years. We use the latest estimations of capital stock (machinery and equipment) and energy consumption for Latin America and compare them with those of Western Europe. The energy–capital ratio (how much energy is used per unit of capital) could be a predictor of economic growth, thus providing stylised facts about the timing and causes of the different modernisation patterns of these regions and showing us some answers on the long-run relationship between energy consumption and capital accumulation. 相似文献
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields are notably important for innovation and technological development, which in turn are seen as drivers of social and economic growth. Hence, researchers and policy-makers have paid substantial attention to analyzing and promoting high-growth ventures in STEM fields. However, STEM fields are highly gender-skewed, regardless of whether the population considered is students, faculty members, graduates, top managers, or entrepreneurs. This is noticeable in the small number of women entrepreneurs with STEM backgrounds. This underrepresentation of women in innovation-driven business startups highlights existing gender biases and systemic disadvantages in social structures, making visible the double masculinity that exists at the intersection of STEM and entrepreneurship. This article addresses this issue by combining insights from research about women’s entrepreneurship and research about the gender aspects of STEM fields. We emphasize institutional, organizational, and individual factors influencing women’s entrepreneurship in STEM fields, laying the foundation for the articles included in this special issue. Finally, we discuss the way forward for research on the gender aspects of STEM entrepreneurship to help us create the knowledge needed to close this gender gap.