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591.
592.
Milieu as a pertinent unit of analysis in project marketing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The purpose of this article is to shift gear from the purely economic to the socioeconomic level in project marketing and consequently to demonstrate that project marketing consists, to a certain extent, in the management of a firm's relationships to a local network of business and non-business actors, named the milieu. This networking action forms the basis of a proactive approach aiming at anticipating bids and at maximizing the firm's chances of success on on-going projects. 相似文献
593.
Conclusion This note has attempted to clarify both the theoretical and empirical reasons why the returns on the performance of a foreign
subsidiary’s operations ought to be seen as returns on firm-specific knowledge (FSKs) which should be included in discussion
of trade in services. This difficult task was not accomplished in a satisfactory manner by Ramstetter and Lee. It is entirely
inappropriate to unbundle the activities of MNEs into returns on financial investment and a residual used to proxy payments
for FSK. Rugman [1987] did not assume that the opportunity cost of financial capital is zero; rather that the “investment”
activity of the MNE cannot be divorced from its FSK. The MNE uses internal markets as an integrated process to transfer FSK
across national borders, raising theoretical and empirical issues for the international accounting of trade in services. 相似文献
594.
595.
The increase in births in France since 1995 has often been linkedby commentators to more generous family benefits. We study hereempirically the link between fertility and financial incentivesby estimating and simulating a joint structural model of participationand fertility on a sample of French women. The results reportedhere, while preliminary, suggest that fertility responds toincentives in a non-negligible way. However, they also havesome puzzling features: financial incentives appear to havemuch stronger effects on low-parity births. (JEL I38, J13, J22) 相似文献
596.
Recent work showing that a sounder financial system is associated with faster economic growth has important implications for transition economies. Stock prices in developed economies move in highly firm‐specific ways that convey information about changes in firms’ marginal value of investment. This information facilitates the rapid flow of capital to its highest value uses. In contrast, stock prices in low‐income countries tend to move up and down en masse, and thus are of scant use for microeconomic capital allocation. Some transition economy markets are coming to resemble those of developed economies, others those of low‐income countries. Stock return asynchronicity is highly correlated with the strength of private property rights in general and public shareholders’ rights in particular. Other recent work suggests that small entrenched elites in low‐income countries preserve their sweeping control over the corporate sectors of their economies by using political influence to undermine the financial system and deprive entrants of capital. The lack of cross‐sectional independence in some transition economies’ stock returns may be a warning of such economic entrenchment. Sound property rights, solid shareholder rights, stock market transparency, and capital account openness appear to check this, and thus contribute to efficient capital allocation and economic growth. 相似文献
597.
A fundamental point of discussion in poverty research is whether poverty is an absolute or a relative concept. If poverty is seen to be a situation of absolute deprivation, a poverty line will usually be defined to be independent of the general style of living in society. If poverty is considered to be a situation of relative deprivation, a poverty line will be defined in relation to the general style of living in society. The choice for one of these two approaches has important consequences for social policy, as absolute poverty may be reduced by economic growth, while relative poverty will only decrease when income inequality decreases. This paper suggests a poverty line definition that is not a priori meant to be either absolute or relative, but depends on the perception of poverty in society. If the poverty line is higher in countries with higher median income (as an indicator of “general style of living”) the poverty line is said to be relative; if the poverty line does not vary with median income, it is said to be absolute. The poverty line definition suggested appears to be a generalization of almost all well-known poverty line definitions. Poverty lines thus defined are estimated for eight European countries on the basis of a 1979 survey. The resulting lines appear to have an elasticity with respect to median income of 0.51, and hence can be said to be halfway on the scale between absolute and relative. 相似文献
598.
Summary In this comment it is argued that the theoretical explanation of Coulbois and Prissert of the functioning of the forward exchange market (the cambist theory) is nothing but a simplified version of the interest parity theory, because in their theory the horizontal arbitrage function implicitly plays a dominant role.Further some critical remarks are made concerning the role of non-bank arbitrages and the influence of interest arbitrage on the spot rate, on the size of the international short-term capital movements and on the domestic money supply.They want to thank Mr. William Schep for his helpful comments with regard to the translation into English of the original text. 相似文献
599.
Bernard Lebrun 《Journal of Economic Theory》2010,145(5):2037-2043
When the price setter in post-auction resale is chosen according to exogenous probabilities, Hafalir and Krishna (2008) [2] showed that the first-price auction brings more expected revenues than the second-price auction with truth-bidding bidders. We complete their revenue ranking by proving that the first-price auction produces higher expected revenues the higher the probability the auction winner sets the resale price. 相似文献
600.
Within knowledge-based economies, one of the major forms of organisational change concerns the impact of the introduction and dissemination of information and communication technologies on markets, consumers and firms. The existence of virtual or ‘electronic’ communities is one of the main consequences of this impact. In this context, the main purpose of this article is to answer the following questions: Why do firms and consumers take part in these communities? Are they driven by the usual or by more specific motivations based on reciprocity or we-rationality? Do these potentially new types of organisation and interaction, and new motivations change the working and the dynamics of our economic systems? 相似文献