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Bernard Cazes 《Futures》1978,10(6):452-458
Planners and policy makers can no longer rely on the assumptions that have stood them in good stead for the past two decades. The decline in birth rates, the growth of structural unemployment, the middle-class revolt against further taxation, and the emergence of quality of life issues will force a reappraisal of these assumptions. New methods will be needed to cope with the wider boundaries of social planning. 相似文献
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J. Stephen Ferris Stanley L. Winer Bernard Grofman 《Constitutional Political Economy》2012,23(3):213-243
This paper is concerned with the effectiveness of Westminster parliamentary institutions in ensuring the stability of a nation??s public finances. Our starting point and major hypothesis is that the governance structure embodied in Canada??s parliamentary system has contributed importantly to the maintenance of fiscal stability. The fact that the Government of Canada, like the central government of many other modern democracies, has survived for over a century without default on its public debt means that in some meaningful sense, long run responsibility with respect to the nation??s finances has in fact been achieved, and we show that this is in fact the case. Hence a more meaningful test of our main hypothesis requires the designation of specific sub-periods when the ideological background for political policy making changed and/or when the institutions and organizations for operationalizing policy varied in ways that either improved or discouraged responsible fiscal performance. We consider ideational and institutional factors that are predicted to either enhance or detract from accountability and fiscal stability, including central banking, the adoption of Keynesianism, inflation targeting and periods of minority government, and test for their effects on long run stability of the debt to GDP ratio using data for almost the entire history of the modern state from 1867 to 2008. 相似文献
97.
This paper analyzes the evolution of Swiss farm productivity during the implementation of environmental policy reforms, when subsidization of farms became dependent on compliance with environmental regulations. We employ a production model formulation with technology parameters defined as the functions of subsidies, as well as individual farm characteristics. Our estimates for two groups of farms - dairy and crop farms - show that payment of subsidies via compliance in environmental regulations induced major changes in the production technology and productivity of inputs, especially land, labor and fertilizer. The overall effect of the subsidies on the output has been found to be negative. Additionally, we find that farms do not use their resources optimally, indicating some deficiencies in structural adjustments, primarily in the land and labor markets. 相似文献
98.
We set out to assess the effects of exchange rate uncertainty on real consumption in selected Asian countries. Consumption influences business cycles, which in turn shape short-run monetary policy decisions. Hence, understanding factors driving consumption is appealing to policymakers. To date, few studies have analysed the effects of uncertainty on consumption. The available ones generally focus on the long-run effects, in spite of the fact that the short-run persistence and adjustments to equilibrium are equally relevant. Our study takes these limitations seriously by distinguishing the short- and long-run effects of exchange rate uncertainty on consumption. Using a flexible dynamic panel data technique that allows long-run effects to be homogeneous and the short-run effects to be heterogeneous, we find that uncertainty impedes consumption in the long run. In the short run, however, the effects are immaterial. This evidence remains robust to the measure of uncertainty, asymmetric uncertainty, inflation and the global financial crisis of 2008. By decomposing uncertainty into its temporary and permanent components, we find that the latter have a stronger effect on consumption in the long run than the former. Although both components demand policy attention, the evidence suggests that policymakers should be more concerned with permanent uncertainty. 相似文献
99.
Huang Li Cussatt Marc Wong-On-Wing Bernard 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2021,57(3):1123-1153
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - Under Accounting Standards Update 2011-05, firms can present comprehensive income (CI), defined as the sum of net income (NI) and other comprehensive... 相似文献
100.
Decisions in Economics and Finance - The paper reviews models of the option surface and reduced-form models for stochastic volatility in continuous time, under the risk-neutral measure. It defines... 相似文献