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61.
Hamid Beladi Chi-Chur Chao Bharat R. Hazari Jean-Pierre Laffargue 《Resource and Energy Economics》2009,31(1):39-49
This paper examines the effects of pollution taxes on welfare and environment for a small open economy. In the presence of tourism, pollution taxes provide a double dividend of less pollution and improvements in the tourism terms of trade. The optimal pollution taxes are derived under exogenous and endogenous tourism, and they can be greater or less than the marginal damage of pollution perceived by the domestic residents. Numerical simulations show that the optimal tax rate is larger under exogenous tourism. 相似文献
62.
The Structure of Licensing Contracts 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Industrial organization theory has explored several issues related to licensing, but empirical analyses are extremely rare. We amass a new and detailed dataset on licensing contracts, and use it to present some simple 'facts' concerning licensing behavior. Our analysis reveals robust cross-industries differences in several contractual features, such as exclusivity, cross-licensing, ex-ante versus ex-post technology transfers, and licensing to related versus unrelated parties. We offer an interpretation of these facts based on cross-industry variation in the strength of intellectual property rights. 相似文献
63.
On the Consistency of Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Monotone and Concave Production Frontiers 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Banker and Maindiratta (1992) provides a method for the estimation of a stochastic production frontier from the class of all monotone and concave functions. A key aspect of their procedure is that the arguments in the log-likelihood function are the fitted frontier outputs themselves rather than the parameters of some assumed parametric functional form. Estimation from the desired class of functions is ensured by constraining the fitted points to lie on some monotone and concave surface via a set of inequality restrictions. In this paper, we establish that this procedure yields consistent estimates of the fitted outputs and the composed error density function parameters. 相似文献
64.
This paper examines the implications of a contemporaneously observed endogenous money supply in rational expectations models of the Lucas-Barro variety. First, if there is contemporaneously perceived policy response (e.g., to interest rates), then a simultaneous equations bias produces inconsistency in the neutrality tests proposed by King and Boschen-Grossman. Second, if money acts as a ‘signal’ about economic conditions then autonomous money shocks can have real effects. In polar contrast to the Lucas-Barro analyses, this non-neutrality requires that monetary information be utilized by economic agents. 相似文献
65.
Intrazonal trips are not always included in model estimation because they do not appear on a network in centroid-to-centroid travel. It is also presumed that their exclusion does not affect model results. This paper tests the above presumption by examining the assumptions of ignorable missingness. The results indicate that omitting intrazonal trips in model estimation results in biased sample. Consequently, parameter estimates get biased. The paper also compares the results of travel mode choice models by excluding and including the intrazonal trips in model estimation. 相似文献
66.
Bharat A. Jain Chander Shekhar Violet Torbey 《The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance》2009,49(4):1275-1297
This study evaluates the economics of the choice of form of payout initiation mechanism adopted by IPO firms. Our results suggest that IPO firms demonstrate a preference for repurchases over dividends as the specific form of payout initiation mechanism. We however, find that while the market views post-IPO payout initiations favorably, it is indifferent to the specific form of payout mechanism adopted. Further, we find that dividends and repurchases represent distinct payout mechanisms adopted by IPO firms with fundamentally different characteristics and motivation to initiate payouts during the post-IPO phase. Our results suggest that while dividend initiations are primarily driven by life cycle and catering theory considerations, signaling theory provides the more likely explanation for payout initiations through share repurchases. 相似文献
67.
Intellectual property comprises an ever-increasing fraction of corporate wealth, but what's the good of that if an ever-increasing fraction of the property is copied or stolen? Faced with developing countries' limited and inadequately enforced patent and copyright laws, some companies are resorting to market-based strategies to protect their intellectual property. These include preempting or threatening competitors, embedding intellectual property in environments that can be protected, bundling insecure intellectual property with its more secure cousins, and actually entering the businesses that pose a threat. The authors urge companies coping with weak property rights to follow a decision tree when choosing which strategies to use and when: Start by thinking of the strategies that will protect your business's core. If, for example, a first-mover advantage is within reach, making yourself more committed to intellectual property could be the answer. If you and your rivals are equally matched, ask yourself, "Can those that threaten me with copying be copied in turn?" The knowledge that each of you can hurt the other may dampen the competitive intensity or even lead to voluntary sharing of property. If these solutions fail or don't apply, try forging a connection with a product or business closely related to your own. Doing so may prevent a valued asset from falling into a rival's hands or make the asset harder to misappropriate. This approach can even help you expand your piece of the market pie or reduce the cost of making the threatened product, perhaps to the point where you can compete against pirated goods. Finally, if there still doesn't seem to be a way of making money from your threatened product, you may choose to move into the very business that has hurt your own. Such strategies are behind the economics of successful companies like Intel and NBC, say the authors. 相似文献
68.
This study investigated the factors affecting the purchase decisions of seafood consumers in selected urban areas of Mumbai, India. The primary data were analysed using binary choice modelling techniques. It was found that taste, religion, size of household and age of family member were significant factors at a 95% confidence level. The Indian seafood industry may find this baseline study useful to encourage further consumer‐based research to promote the growth of the domestic seafood market. 相似文献
69.
70.
Declining support for public research and advances in technology and new forms of legal protection have induced more private agricultural research. In developing countries, this has sparked a debate about appropriate policies regarding private research. In this context, we examine empirically the consequences of reforms in India’s seed policies which loosened various restrictions on the private sector. The period since the reforms has shown a remarkable increase in R & D effort and an increase in the number of private technology suppliers . We argue these changes were largely due to policy reforms. 相似文献