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251.
252.
Katarina Elofsson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,36(2):143-162
Unilateral abatement is sometimes advocated in order to set a good example that will make other countries follow. The aim
of this paper is to investigate whether existence of correlated cost uncertainty provides an incentive for a country to undertake
unilateral abatement. The theoretical model is driven by two main mechanisms; first, a learning effect, as the follower country
might reduce its risk premium as it can observe the cost level in the leader country. Second, there is the public good effect,
i.e., the marginal benefit of abatement declines when abatement is a public good and other countries contribute to pollution
reductions. Results shows that unilateral abatement would be efficient in reducing uncertainty about the unit costs of abatement
if a country with low cost uncertainty would undertake abatement first, while a country with initially high cost uncertainty
would follow. However, countries may prefer to act simultaneously because of the larger uncertainties that are inherent in
a sequential game.
相似文献
253.
This paper presents an agent-based simulation model with local network externality to analyze strategic interactions over
investment on new economic knowledge. R&D knowledge flows and spillovers are the results of non-cooperative games played between
neighboring agents in the model. The model demonstrates a situation where no agents have incentives to hide their economic
knowledge, a situation that is observed in open source software development projects. The likelihood of obtaining a stable
situation where new economic knowledge is openly shared is increased when heterogeneity of agents is introduced.
相似文献
254.
A bandit problem consisting of a sequence of n choices (n) from a number of infinitely many Bernoulli arms is considered. The parameters of Bernoulli arms are independent and identically distributed random variables from a common distribution F on the interval [0,1] and F is continuous with F(0)=0 and F(1)=1. The goal is to investigate the asymptotic expected failure rates of k-failure strategies, and obtain a lower bound for the expected failure proportion over all strategies presented in Berry et al. (1997). We show that the asymptotic expected failure rates of k-failure strategies when 0<b1 and a lower bound can be evaluated if the limit of the ratio F(1)–F(t) versus (1–t)b exists as t1– for some b>0. 相似文献
255.
Simple models of local government behavior predict equal effects of private income and unconditional federal grants on local
government expenditures. Numerous empirical analyses, however, find that the effect of grants is larger than the income effect.
We argue that this flypaper effect may be a result of weak political leaderships in multi–issue and multi–party decision–making
environments. In multi–issue institutions, a strong political leadership may reduce inefficiency due to interest group influence
and inter–party bargaining in the local council. Utilizing data for Norwegian local governments in the 1930s, we find that
political strength reduces the size of the flypaper effect. When the local council consists of only one political party, we
cannot reject absence of a flypaper effect, while the flypaper effect is large in fragmented local councils.
Received: June 2000 / accepted: February 2001 相似文献
256.
Action Research is Similar to Design Science 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pertti Järvinen 《Quality and Quantity》2007,41(1):37-54
In management information systems (MIS) action research is long considered as promising but low-level research approach. It
has an utmost relevance because action researchers are working with practitioners to solve the important practical problem.
Design science outlined some years ago is just winning a wider audience. Action research was traditionally classified into
qualitative research methods. But it seems to be the “wrong” home of action research. We shall show that after comparison
of the seven aspects: concrete results of the study, knowledge produced, activities, the intent and the nature of a study,
the division of labor in a study and generation, use and test of knowledge, the concordance between the characteristics of
action research on the one hand and of design science on the other hand is very good. Hence, action research and design science
should next be considered as similar research approaches, and this is a turning point in the history of both action research
and design science. 相似文献
257.
Expressions for marginal distribution functions of sequential order statistics and generalized order statistics are presented without any restrictions imposed on the model parameters. The results are related to the relevation transform, to the distribution of the product of Beta distributed random variables, and to Meijers G-functions. Some selected applications in the areas of moments, conditional distributions, recurrence relations, and reliability properties are shown.
Key words:Order statistics; Generalized order statistics; Sequential order statistics; Record values; Distribution theory; Meijers G-function; Recurrence relations; Reliability properties. 相似文献
258.
Arne Martin Torgersen Finn R. Førsund Sverre A. C. Kittelsen 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1996,7(4):379-398
In non-parametric methods many units are calculated as efficient. The article suggests a method for ranking efficient units, not by their efficiency, but by importance as benchmarks for the inefficient units, in contrast to earlier suggestions in the literature which rank units high if they are specialized. However, the total potentials for improvement frequently remain unrevealed by calculating radial efficiency measures of the Farrell type only. The article therefore first develops efficiency measures that explicitly extend the radial measures to include slacks. The new measures are applied to a typical multidimensional small-sample data set for Norwegian employment offices. 相似文献
259.
Given that electricity distribution is undertaken via a network, it is expected that costs of production are affected both by the nature of the network and the volume of physical output distributed via the network. This two-dimensional concept of firm size, that is involving network size (number of customers) and the level of physical output (kWh), also corresponds to the distinction between productivity measures of returns to density and returns to scale.This approach has been used to specify a restricted multioutput cost function and to estimate this function for the Norwegian electricity distribution industry through the use of a flexible functional form (translog). The results indicate that no economies of scale are present in the industry even for small plants when measured correctly, but that economics of density are present. 相似文献
260.
Heinz Weisshaupt 《Decisions in Economics and Finance》2003,26(2):81-96
We would like to insure against the risk that a geometric Brownian motion, correlated with the price process of a certain
traded asset, is in a set E at time T. In this paper it is shown that the best action one can take to insure against this risk is to buy a binary option on the
traded asset. We give explicit formulas in the case that E is an infinite interval. The setting of all our investigations is the Black-Scholes model.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 91B28, 60J65, 62P05, 91B30, 62F03
Journal of Economic Literature Classification: G31 相似文献