全文获取类型
收费全文 | 48564篇 |
免费 | 1207篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 8775篇 |
工业经济 | 3519篇 |
计划管理 | 8253篇 |
经济学 | 11255篇 |
综合类 | 521篇 |
运输经济 | 326篇 |
旅游经济 | 784篇 |
贸易经济 | 7776篇 |
农业经济 | 2353篇 |
经济概况 | 6068篇 |
信息产业经济 | 3篇 |
邮电经济 | 138篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 300篇 |
2020年 | 528篇 |
2019年 | 780篇 |
2018年 | 976篇 |
2017年 | 983篇 |
2016年 | 972篇 |
2015年 | 680篇 |
2014年 | 1072篇 |
2013年 | 4851篇 |
2012年 | 1448篇 |
2011年 | 1556篇 |
2010年 | 1304篇 |
2009年 | 1502篇 |
2008年 | 1470篇 |
2007年 | 1305篇 |
2006年 | 1242篇 |
2005年 | 1124篇 |
2004年 | 1063篇 |
2003年 | 1055篇 |
2002年 | 966篇 |
2001年 | 1027篇 |
2000年 | 996篇 |
1999年 | 869篇 |
1998年 | 938篇 |
1997年 | 874篇 |
1996年 | 865篇 |
1995年 | 767篇 |
1994年 | 793篇 |
1993年 | 810篇 |
1992年 | 781篇 |
1991年 | 818篇 |
1990年 | 736篇 |
1989年 | 588篇 |
1988年 | 600篇 |
1987年 | 602篇 |
1986年 | 594篇 |
1985年 | 870篇 |
1984年 | 833篇 |
1983年 | 820篇 |
1982年 | 752篇 |
1981年 | 690篇 |
1980年 | 681篇 |
1979年 | 678篇 |
1978年 | 570篇 |
1977年 | 497篇 |
1976年 | 426篇 |
1975年 | 408篇 |
1974年 | 380篇 |
1973年 | 359篇 |
1972年 | 272篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Julia Planko Maryse M.H. Chappin Jacqueline Cramer Marko P. Hekkert 《Business Strategy and the Environment》2019,28(5):665-674
This paper is amongst the first to examine coopetition strategy for sustainable development at the network level. Companies who want to successfully implement complex innovative technologies that support sustainable development need to collaborate with other actors of the innovation ecosystem, including their competitors, so that they can develop standards, interoperable products, pool knowledge, and resources and bundle forces to compete against other technologies. Collaboration with competitors brings benefits, but also many risks. We investigated how firms cope with these risks when establishing an innovation ecosystem to implement a new technology in society. We conducted research in the Dutch smart grids sector and explored how these firms minimize inherent risks of coopetition. We found that system‐building actors in the Dutch smart grid field not only minimize inherent risks, but from the start of their collaboration they implement so‐called enablers to prevent these risks upfront. 相似文献
22.
Díaz-Fernández M. Carmen González-Rodríguez M. Rosario Pawlak Marek Simonetti Biagio 《Quality and Quantity》2019,53(5):2421-2438
Quality & Quantity - Family firms (FFs) are the backbone of entrepreneurial fabric in many countries. Management of such businesses is complex because of their features: the overlap between... 相似文献
23.
24.
Hanna J. Douglas Li Zining Shaw Wayne 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2019,53(2):527-550
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - Prior studies have demonstrated that the net deferred tax liabilities of industrial firms are valued by market participants in a manner consistent... 相似文献
25.
Rasmus Kær Jørgensen Christian Igel 《International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management》2021,28(3):159-172
An important initial step in accounting is mapping financial transfers to the corresponding accounts. We devised machine-learning-based systems that automate this process. They use word embeddings with character-level features to process transaction texts. When considering 473 companies independently, our approach achieved an average top-1 accuracy of 80.50%, outperforming baselines that exclude the transaction texts or rely on a lexical bag-of-words text representation. We extended the approach to generalizes across companies and even across different corporate sectors. After standardization of the account structures and careful feature engineering, a single classifier trained on 44 companies from 28 sectors achieved a test accuracy of more than 80%. When trained on 43 companies and tested on the remaining one, the system achieved an average performance of 64.62%. This rate increased to nearly 70% when considering only the largest sector. 相似文献
26.
Christopher J. Cronin 《International Economic Review》2019,60(1):187-218
This study quantifies the moral hazard effect of health insurance on medical expenditure by estimating a dynamic model of within‐year medical care consumption that allows for insurance selection, endogenous health transitions, and individual uncertainty about medical care prices in an environment where insurance has nonlinear cost‐sharing features. The results suggest that moral hazard accounts for 53.1%, on average, of total annual medical expenditure when insured. This estimate is significantly different, and generally larger, than that produced by an alternative model that is representative of the annual medical care decision‐making models commonly found in the literature. 相似文献
27.
28.
The advent of the Great Recession and the widespread adoption of fiscal austerity policies have heightened concern about inequality and its effects. We examine how the distribution of income in Ireland—a country which experienced one of the most severe economic contractions—has evolved over the years 2008 to 2013. Standard cross‐sectional analysis of the income distribution shows broad stability in the Gini coefficient and in decile shares, with one main exception: the share of the bottom decile fell sharply, with the largest fall in average incomes being for that group. Longitudinal analysis shows that the falls in the average income for the bottom decile were not due to decreasing income for those remaining in the bottom decile, but to falls in income from those initially located in higher deciles. The extent of redistribution through taxes and transfers increased strongly, as measured by the Reynolds‐Smolensky index, which rose from 0.20 before the onset of the crisis to 0.27 in 2013. Analysis indicates that about three‐quarters of this increased redistribution is due to automatic stabilisers and one‐quarter to discretionary policy changes. 相似文献
29.
Paul Brockman John L. Campbell Hye Seung Lee Jesus M. Salas 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2019,46(3-4):420-456
Internally‐promoted CEOs should have a deep understanding of their firm's products, supply chain, operations, business climate, corporate culture, and how to navigate among employees to get the information they need. Thus, we argue that internally‐promoted CEOs are likely to produce higher quality disclosure than outsider CEOs. Using a sample of US firms from the S&P1500 index from 2001 to 2011, we hand‐collect whether a CEO is hired from inside the firm and, if so, the number of years they worked at the firm before becoming CEO. We then examine whether managers with more internal experience issue higher quality disclosures and offer three main findings. First, CEOs with more internal experience are more likely to issue voluntary earnings forecasts than those managers with less internal experience as well as those managers hired from outside the firm. Second, CEOs with more internal experience issue more accurate earnings forecasts than those managers with less internal experience as well as those managers hired from outside the firm. Finally, investors react more strongly to forecasts issued by insider CEOs than to those issued by outsider CEOs. In additional analysis, we find no evidence that these results extend to mandatory reporting quality (i.e., accruals quality, restatements, or internal control weaknesses), perhaps because mandatory disclosure is subjected to heavy oversight by the board of directors, auditors, and regulators. Overall, our findings suggest that when managers have work experience with the firm prior to becoming the CEO, the firm's voluntary disclosure is of higher quality. 相似文献
30.
HUBERTO M. ENNIS 《Journal of Money, Credit and Banking》2019,51(7):1737-1764
I study the implications for central bank discount window stigma of a workhorse model of adverse selection in financial markets. In the model, firms (banks) need to borrow to finance a productive project. There is limited liability and firms have private information about their ability to repay their debts, which gives rise to the possibility of adverse selection. The central bank can ameliorate the impact of adverse selection by lending to firms. Discount window borrowing is observable and it may be taken as a signal of firms' credit worthiness. Under some conditions, firms borrowing from the discount window may pay higher interest rates to borrow in the market, a phenomenon often associated with the presence of stigma. I discuss these and other outcomes in detail and what they suggest about the relevance of stigma as an empirical phenomenon. 相似文献