Interaction effects of formal and social controls on business-to-business performance

Marketing and Strategy studies have treated relational governance as a critical factor of business-to-business (B2B) performance. Extant studies offer contrasting views on whether formal or social control is a better control mechanism, with little known about their interaction effect. In this study, the authors aim to investigate the interaction effect of these two control mechanisms by dividing a B2B contract (formal control) into two provisions (transactional and relational) and to examine the specific interaction effect of social control on each provision. The authors also seek to investigate the moderating effects of environmental dynamism, prior ties, and buyer lock-in. The measure of B2B performance reflects relational quality and financial outcome. The results show significantly different interactions between each provision of the contract and social control depending on the level of environmental dynamism and buyer lock-in, and suggest that the environmental condition of the transactions is reflective of managers' optimal control mechanisms.     

Time-Series Support for Balassa's Productivity-Bias Hypothesis: Evidence from Korea

In this paper we use the Johansen and Juselius cointegration technique and quarterly data over the period 1979–1993 to test the productivity-bias hypothesis between Korea and four of its major trading partners (Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The results show that in all four cases the deviation of purchasing-power parity (PPP) from the equilibrium exchange rate has a long-run relationship with the productivity ratios, supporting the notion that as Korea becomes relatively more productive, the Korean won appreciates in real terms.     

Extreme downside risk and expected stock returns

We propose a measure for extreme downside risk (EDR) to investigate whether bearing such a risk is rewarded by higher expected stock returns. By constructing an EDR proxy with the left tail index in the classical generalized extreme value distribution, we document a significantly positive EDR premium in cross-section of stock returns even after controlling for market, size, value, momentum, and liquidity effects. The EDR premium is more prominent among glamor stocks and when high market returns are expected. High-EDR stocks are generally characterized by high idiosyncratic risk, large downside beta, lower coskewness and cokurtosis, and high bankruptcy risk. The EDR premium persists after these characteristics are controlled for. Although Value at Risk (VaR) plays a significant role in explaining the EDR premium, it cannot completely subsume the EDR effect.     

Long-Run Elasticities of the Demand for Money in Korea:Evidence from Cointegration Analysis

Most recent studies have employed the cointegration technique to investigate the long-run stability of the demand for money. This study considers the case of Korea. It is shown that in the long-run while Ml monetary aggregate is cointegrated with income, interest rate, and the exchange rate, M2 is not. However, results from error correction models reveal that both Ml and M2 have short-run relationship with their determinants. [E41]     

Fixed-to-mobile call substitution and telephony market definition in Korea

An appropriate market definition is critical in most antitrust cases. In practice, antitrust authorities define economic markets in a deterministic manner with little concern about the risk involved in defining markets incorrectly. In contrast, this article proposes a probabilistic market definition method by which antitrust authorities can establish a statistical confidence level for their intended market-definition judgments. As an application, we examine the likelihood that the fixed-line and mobile telephony services in Korea can compete in the same economic market. Combining critical loss analysis with a hierarchical Bayes model for stated preference data, we find some evidence for the separation of the fixed-line and mobile telephony markets in present-day Korea. After discussing certain possible regulation biases for market definition, we predict that the two markets will converge in the near future as the mobile price premium continues to decrease.     

Direct regression,reverse regression,and covariance structure analysis

This paper discusses the issues in estimating the effects of marketing variables with linear models. When the variables are not directly observable, it is well known that direct regression yields biased estimates. Several researchers have recently suggested reverse regression as an alternative procedure. However, it is shown that the reverse regression approach also fails to provide unbiased estimates in general, except for some special cases. It is proposed that covariance structure analysis with an appropriate measurement model can ensure the unbiasedness of estimated effects. These issues are examined in the context of assessing market pioneer advantages. The authors thank the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the previous version of this paper.     

A micro,econometric investigation of choice of technology

This paper reports on a micro study of the determinants of technological choice utilizing a sample of observations at the man-machine level from operating plants. The large sample size permits econometric modelling - based on engineering and process analytic principles - of the production relationships involved. It also allows statistical testing of hypotheses. Among the determinants analyzed in the context of differentiated inputs and outputs are policies affecting prices on the factor and product markets. The particular case examined is the choice between imported and locally made looms for cotton textile weaving in Korea. However, methodological concerns are given equal weight in the discussion.     

Asymmetric Effects of Money on Inflation: Evidence from Korean Data

New Keynesian macroeconomic models predict that monetary shocks have asymmetric effects on inflation, i.e., inflation responds more to positive monetary shocks than to negative shocks (Asymmetry Hypothesis A), and that the asymmetry is positively associated with movements in average inflation (Asymmetry Hypothesis B). Korean data are shown to provide little support for Asymmetry Hypothesis A and strong support for Asymmetry Hypothesis B. [O53, E12]