Social cognition and personality traits related to risky driving in a Turkish sample

Aims: The aim of the study was to make a theoretical contribution by investigating social cognitive factors and personality traits related to risky driver behaviour in a Turkish sample. The study tested three theoretical models by Structural Equation Modelling: (1) a model using risk perception and attitudes towards traffic safety to predict driver behaviour, (2) a model which used normlessness and sensation-seeking traits to predict such behaviour and (3) a model which used both the social cognitive factors and personality traits to predict driver behaviour. Methods: A questionnaire survey with validated measurement instruments was conducted in a sample of Turkish drivers (n?=?213). The response rate was 61%. Results: A combined social cognitive and personality trait model had tolerable fit and explained 24% of the variance in driver behaviour. The relations between personality traits and risk perception with driver behaviour were mediated through attitudes towards traffic safety. Risk-taking personality traits had relatively strong relations to unsafe driver behaviour, whereas risk perception had a relatively weak relation to such behaviour. Conclusions: A combined social cognitive and trait approach may be efficient in human factor campaigns aimed to reduce risky driver behaviour in Turkey. Personality traits may be important for driver behaviour because they influence the attitudinal determinants of such behaviour. Increased police enforcement of road traffic regulations may reduce risky driving among individuals with normlessness and sensation-seeking traits. Personality traits may also guide efforts aimed at early identification of risky drivers and campaigns could be tailored to specific personality characteristics.     

日本、德国科技金融结合机制研究

本文以银行主导模式的典型代表日本、德国为例,分别从政府的扶持政策、直接融资市场（风险投资市场、资本市场）和间接融资市场（信用担保）三个方面对其科技金融模式进行研究。结论表明,日本、德国这种银行主导的融资模式,在强化间接融资市场的同时,积极发展资本市场,整合了直接融资市场和间接融资市场,减少了金融机构与科技中小企业之间的信息不对称,在很大程度上满足了科技中小企业的融资需求,有效地激发了科技中小企业的发展潜力。总体而言,这种银行主导科技金融的模式对于促进科技与金融的有机结合是有效的。     

《遮帕麻和遮米麻》与阿昌族祖先崇拜

阿昌族创世史诗《遮帕麻和遮米麻》是阿昌族传统文化的重要组成部分。史诗中,"遮帕麻"、"遮米麻"、"桑姑尼"是阿昌族最初崇拜的三位祖先神灵,祖先崇拜反映出阿昌族民族发展的脉络,也具有道德教化功能。孝道思想丰富了史诗的文化内涵。     

商誉交易价值的实证分析

本文通过建立商誉的交易价值模型，采用实证研究方法分析了企业价格（价值）与可控变量，即企业规模、股票流通速度、企业市场占有率以及商誉的交易价值的相关性，对商誉的交易价值五项假定进行了检验。其中商誉的交易价值大小表现为股票的流通股价格和产品交易价格超过它们各自符合假定市场公正平均价格的差额。研究中以公允价格替代有效市场的公正价格做近似处理。     

当代资本主义国家劳资关系的变化及企业治理的新特点

在当代社会生产力发展尤其是知识经济和经济全球化的推动下,西方发达国家的生产关系和经济结构有了较大调整,劳资关系也随之发生了深刻变化.员工持股、参与式管理、分享经济、利益相关者治理、劳资合作与冲突管理等一系列新的经济现象在资本主义企业制度的框架内产生,并对资本主义制度的微观基础产生了重要影响.对此,应坚持马克思主义的方法,用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义观点来认识这些新现象和新问题,实事求是地加以具体分析.同时,也要重视研究资本主义发展的历史趋势,要看到资本主义本身所具有的开放性和自我调节能力以及不断容纳先进生产力的能力.资本主义向社会主义的过渡将是一个比原来的预测要漫长得多的历史过程.     

Coordination of a supply chain with one manufacturer and multiple competing retailers under simultaneous demand and cost disruptions

This paper develops a coordination mechanism for a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and n Cournot competing retailers when the production cost and demands are simultaneously disrupted. This differs from traditional supply chain coordination models under a static case and the case with only demand or cost disruption. The coordination mechanism with revenue sharing is considered, and the effects of production cost and demand disruptions on revenue sharing contract are discussed to investigate the optimal strategies of players with disruptions. The penalty cost is introduced explicitly to obtain the production deviation cost caused by the disruptions. In this study, it is obtained that the coordination contract considering the production deviation cost differs from that without disruption. Besides that, the disruptions may affect the order quantities, wholesale prices as well as revenue sharing contract. Then, the optimal strategies for different disruption levels under the centralized decision-making mode are proposed. Concerning the decentralized mode, the improved revenue sharing contract can be used to coordinate the decentralized decision-making supply chain effectively. Finally, the theoretical results are illustrated by conducting some numerical examples.     

制度改进与技术创新:我国企业实施绿色管理的保障

企业绿色管理是指以节约资源和能源、减少污染为核心目标的一系列管理活动.我国企业目前在推行绿色管理中仍面临着一些问题和障碍.我们应该从政治体制、法律法规、技术创新、标准化管理等方面探求解决问题的途径.     

心理所有权对顾客公民行为的影响——基于感知支持和社交焦虑的调节作用

本文探讨了营销学领域中顾客所产生的心理所有权对顾客公民行为的影响。通过对收集的332份问卷数据运用SPSS25.0进行分析,结果表明:促进性心理所有权正向影响顾客公民行为;防御性心理所有权负向影响顾客公民行为;相比低程度的感知支持,高程度的感知支持可以增强促进性心理所有权对顾客公民行为的正向影响;相比低程度的社交焦虑,高程度的社交焦虑可以增强防御性心理所有权对顾客公民行为的负向影响。研究结果为心理所有权与顾客公民行为之间的关系提供了理论依据,并为企业和相关的管理者提供了实践启示。     

中美贸易摩擦对异质性企业的影响——基于中国A股上市公司的事件研究

随着中国对外贸易的蓬勃发展,双边贸易摩擦事件也日益增多,这种外部贸易摩擦究竟会对中国微观主体产生怎样的影响?基于中美贸易摩擦的背景,以中国A股上市公司为研究样本,采用事件研究法实证检验外部贸易摩擦的微观主体效应。研究结果表明,中美贸易摩擦对生产率、规模、要素密集度、所有权属性不同的企业的影响均存在显著差异,具体而言,中美贸易摩擦对高生产率企业、大规模企业、低劳动密集度企业与民营企业的影响相对更大。进一步研究发现,采用不同企业异质性衡量指标的检验结果最终均可归结于企业全要素生产率,即全要素生产率是企业在中美贸易摩擦中所受影响程度大小的决定因素,而且生产率越高的企业所受影响程度越大。该研究结果有助于理解中美贸易摩擦的微观主体效应,从而为中国更好地解决外部贸易摩擦与促进国内经济转型提供借鉴和参考。     

团队外部社会资本测量指标体系研究

通过系统研究现有的团队社会资本的定义与测量工具,初步确定了团队外部社会资本的7个测量维度。通过文献阅读、学术小组讨论、小规模访谈以及开放式问卷调查,归纳整理并最终形成了14个具体测量项目;对此测量项目进行了预试调查,并利用所收集的数据进行了项目分析、效度分析以及信度分析,最终得到团队外部社会资本的正式测量量表。