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71.
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73.
Caroline Saunders Selim Cagatay 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2003,47(2):233-259
In the present paper, the impact of genetically modified (GM) food production on producers, consumers and trade in New Zealand is simulated under various scenarios using the Lincoln Trade and Environment Model (LTEM). The LTEM simulates, against various assumptions of proportions of GM/GM-free production, the impact of various scenarios relating to preference for or against GM production. The results from this preliminary analysis show that the greatest positive impact on New Zealand income is from following a GM-free strategy, where it is assumed such markets as the European Union and Japan have a large switch in preference away from GM food, followed by the scenario when there is a 20% preference for GM-free. 相似文献
74.
This paper details the results and managerial implications from four case studies, which examine how the environmental adaptation process (EAP) is managed within business‐to‐business relationships. The research uses models of supplier–customer interaction and inter‐organization cooperation in order to explore inter‐firm relationships and the process of adaptation. The research findings show that either party might pursue adaptations and also establishes features of the process itself as well as identifying factors that can facilitate or hinder the introduction of environmental changes. Arriving at a satisfactory outcome to the adaptation process can be determined by individual company and relationship characteristics, as well as the behaviour and experience of those managers involved in the process. Guidelines for the management of the process of environmental adaptation are proposed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment 相似文献
75.
New Borders: Evidence from the Former Soviet Union. — We study the effects of trade barriers and the persistence of past linkages
on trade flows in the former Soviet Union (FSU). Estimating a gravity equation on 1987–1996 trade between nine Russian regions
and fourteen FSU republics, we find that Russian regions traded nearly twice as much with each other as with republics in
the reform period (1994–1996). In contrast, they did not trade significantly more with each other than with republics in the
prereform period (1987–1990). Our results suggest that the bias towards domestic trade in the reform period is primarily a
result of tariffs. We also find that past linkages, such as infrastructure, production and consumption chains, and business
networks, have limited the reorientation of trade. 相似文献
76.
Caroline Lloyd 《New Technology, Work and Employment》1997,12(1):36-47
This article examines the impact of CAD/CAM on the UK clothing industry. It questions the extent to which computerisation has led to a greater choice over production strategy and argues that upskilling has not occurred. 相似文献
77.
Keith Dickson Helen Lawton Smith Stephen Lloyd Smith 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》1991,3(2):143-157
Effective interfirm collaboration is an incresingly significant factor in technological innovation. A wide and complex range of options exists within collabotative arrangements which affect the outcome and rewards for both partners. Firms are often unaware of the strategic implications of collaborative ventures. While some large firms may be invloved in strategic alliances at the corporate level in order to establish or maintain competitiveness, many remain unaware or unconvinced of the potential for the generation of innovations through collaborations with small, flexible, 'hi-tech” firms. the pace of change and the challenge of international competition threatens Western European firms with a 'technology gap' within a 'disorganized capitalist' setting. Various forms of interfirm cooperation within and across natinal boundaires may be important responses to such uncertainty and amy ultimately provide successful strategic remedies to the situation. This article presents the findings of a recently completed research project in which 27 pairs (mostly small/large) of collaborating, innovative firms were studied in order to examine the strategic and operational issues involued in interfirm research cooperation. Whilst highlighting the advantages of collaboration, and the potential problems for both the small and the large partner, we argue that the adoption of 'cooperative game' rules id vital for successful collaborative innovation. Additionally, we attempt to posit our findings within the current debate on organized/disorganized capitalism. 相似文献
78.
79.
Bruce Lloyd 《Business ethics (Oxford, England)》1993,2(2):94-96
Just what is corruption, and what should, or can, be done about it? The author is Head of the Management Centre at South Bank University, London. 相似文献
80.
Denis Lawrence Lloyd McKay 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》1980,24(1):46-59
Tornqvist quantity indexes of output and input are computed for the period 1952/53 to 1976/77 from Australian Sheep Industry Survey data. The computation includes estimating the annual service flow from durable inputs. Total productivity in the sheep industry is estimated to have increased by 2.9 per cent per annum during this 25-year period. While the ratio of capital employed per unit of labour has increased, materials, services and livestock have been the inputs for which the quantity used has increased most rapidly. On the output side, there has been a move towards greater diversification with both crop and cattle enterprises on 'sheep properties' increasing in relative importance. 相似文献