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51.
Individual labor earnings observed in worker panel data have complex, highly persistent dynamics. We investigate the capacity of a structural job search model with on‐the‐job search, wage renegotiation by mutual consent, and i.i.d. productivity shocks to replicate salient properties of these dynamics, such as the covariance structure of earnings, the evolution of individual earnings mean, and variance with the duration of uninterrupted employment, or the distribution of year‐to‐year earnings changes. Structural estimation of our model on a 12‐year panel of highly educated British workers shows that our simple framework produces a dynamic earnings structure that is remarkably consistent with the data. 相似文献
52.
This article concerns the spatial organization of a retail network. During the expansion of a retail network, the location decision process does not necessarily lead to a regular distribution of outlets throughout the territory. The case of 5 hard discount store networks in France in their development stage illustrates this situation. A hard discount network strategy to fight against incumbent stores relies on the postulate that its competitiveness stems from its perfect cost control, and consequently, its ability to impose its brands to the consumers. To explain hard discounter spatial strategies, the diffusion theory was primarily developed by retaining only the temporal dimension of the process. But this model is not well established for the disordered environment in which the networks are managed. The percolation theory facilitates a new approach of the diffusion in this disordered medium that represents the retail network. 相似文献
53.
Juan Carlos Martín Augusto Voltes-Dorta 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2009,45(1):250-254
Benefits and costs associated to hubbing practices of airlines are still subject to much debate. In the previous literature, some standard spatial concentration indices have been proposed to measure it. However, we show that these indices are “ill-defined” because they do not take into account the salient characteristic of hubbing: connecting passengers. The purpose of this research is to present a new methodology which avoids the pitfalls of other methods. Our new methodology also analyzes the level of concentration of the connecting passengers studying two different dimensions: hub airports and routes. Finally, we apply our methodology to some US carriers. 相似文献
54.
Pierre-Yves Donzé Ben Wubs 《The Scandinavian economic history review / [the Scandanavian Society for Economic and Social History and Historical Geography]》2019,67(2):210-225
The electronics industry is often regarded by scholars as an example of a sector driven by endless technological innovation and major competition between a few large companies, thus embodying the common view whereby the free market leads firms to innovate. On the other hand, some business historians have also emphasised that, since the beginning of the twentieth century, most of these companies were engaged in various international cartel agreements. The business and economic history literature on this industry reveals a clear-cut divide between the inter-war years and the post-war era. In this paper, however, we argue that technical and commercial cooperation between large electronics companies continued in various forms despite the spread of anti-trust policies after 1945. In this case study, we explore the global X-ray equipment industry from its beginnings around 1900 to the advent of the CT scanner in the early 1970s. The paper focuses on Siemens and Philips, the two largest manufacturers of radiological equipment. It demonstrates that both companies pursued their commercial and technical cooperation at least until the 1970s, although it was much less overt as during the interwar years. 相似文献
55.
In most OECD countries, the wage gap between men and women has narrowed during the past two decades. Developments of the last
20 years, e.g., increased labour market attachment of women or the introduction of equal pay laws, may have reduced the gender
wage gap. We investigate the extent, persistence, and socio-economic determinants of the gender wage gap in Austria, for the
years 1983 and 1997. Using wage decomposition techniques, we find that the average gender wage gap was almost as high in 1997
as it was in 1983. Not accounting for differences, the gender wage gap dropped from 25.5 to 23.3% of men’s wages. Taking observable
differences between men and women into account, we estimate that the mean gender wage gap that cannot be explained, i.e.,
discrimination against women, dropped from 17 to 14% of men’s wages. A decomposition of the gender wage gap over time indicates
that both returns to human capital and less discrimination were responsible for the narrowing of the gender wage gap.
相似文献
Christine ZulehnerEmail: |
56.
In this paper, we empirically assess the importance of regional and sector-specific determinants of industry dynamics. To
this aim we test three hypotheses (originally proposed by Shapiro and Khemani (1987, Int J Indust Organ 5:15–26)) for the
relationship between the entry and exit of firms: independence, symmetry and simultaneity. Estimates from a panel data system
of equations seem to confirm the simultaneity hypothesis for Spain, i.e. we find evidence of a displacement (replacement)
effect between the gross rate of entry (exit) and the gross rate of exit (entry). Also, our results show that, irrespective
of the hypothesis we use, both sectorial and regional variables affect entry and exit.
相似文献
M. ManjónEmail: |
57.
Miguel-Ángel Galindo Martín Francisco Escribano Sotos María Teresa Méndez Picazo 《International Advances in Economic Research》2007,13(2):214-221
The improvement of data statistics as well as the econometrician methods have facilitated the introduction the new variables
and factors I the economic growth analysis. In this sense, real variables have mainly been considered in the economic growth
studies, but not financial or risk management aspects. In this sense, it is interesting to analyze the relationship between
economic growth and value at risk and the feed-back process. The goal of the paper is to analyze the relationship between
economic growth and risk management and the feed-back process. We will consider economic variables, including economic growth,
rule of law, human capital, fiscal policy and monetary policy, among others, in our analysis. We will analyze the theoretical
relationships between these variables and risk and the effects of risk on economic growth. We will also develop an empirical
analysis considering the case of 15 European Union countries.
相似文献
María Teresa Méndez PicazoEmail: |
58.
Gutierrez-Martinez MI Del Villin RE Fandiño A Oliver RL 《International journal of injury control and safety promotion》2007,14(2):77-84
Since 2002, the Institute for Peace Promotion and Injury/Violence Prevention (CISALVA) at the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Colombia Program at Georgetown University have developed and implemented 21 epidemiologically based municipal crime observatories in intermediate-sized municipalities in Colombia. These crime observatories serve as monitoring centres that provide low cost, geo-referenced methods of data collection and analysis, which allow cities to develop more responsive policies and prevention programmes and enhance governance. This article focuses on the methodology employed and lessons learned that may be applicable to similar settings. Worth noting within the results was a significant decrease in homicides after the first year of the programme. Whether or not such results could be attributed to the method or to the nature of the interventions and policy initiatives stemming from it remains open to conjecture. 相似文献
59.
60.