流动人口非正规就业空间竞争:基于上海若干样点的调查

流动人口占有市场空间是个体或利益集团相互竞争、实现市场空间均衡的结果。本文以上海流动人口为研究对象,以非正规就业空间为研究视角,通过分析四类不同性质的非正规就业群体,阐明了流动人口就业空间竞争的基本原理与基本过程,并得出流动人口空间竞争的原动力来源于获利的可能性,空间竞争的过程是空间占有的过程,也是利益均衡的过程。     

Optimal growth and impatience: A phase diagram analysis

When the time preference exhibits decreasing marginal impatience, the rate at which the discount function decreases plays a central role in the stability analysis. This paper shows that if the discount function is strictly decreasing, strictly convex and has a uniform bound on its first derivative, then the continuous-time, one-sector optimal growth problem has a unique steady state that exhibits the saddle-point property. Moreover, the phase diagram analysis is geometrically similar to the case of a constant discount rate. The proposed bounded slope assumption is inspired by and in direct contrast with Magill and Nishimura's "division of countries" example.     

The political economy of tariff protection in China: evidence from the WTO accession

We analyze China's tariff rates at WTO accession using a political economy approach. A model drawing on Branstetter and Feenstra ( 2002 ) is used to derive an optimal tariff rate for each industry. The model predicts that a government would set a high tariff rate if an industry is of large state‐owned enterprise (SOE) share, multinational share, or small foreign import share. From the model we reveal the Chinese government's preference towards different interest groups under the binding tariff constraint from the WTO commitments. The estimated structural parameters imply that the political weights on both the SOE profits and consumer income diminish with the economic opening. More important, the government still favours SOEs over consumer income. Our findings are consistent with the special features of China's economy.     

Trade liberalization,wages, and specialization in China

This paper studies the evolution of regional specialization in China in response to trade liberalization. Using a panel of Chinese export data at the detailed commodity level over the period of 1988–2006, we show that China’s regional specialization follows a U-shaped pattern: both the interior and coastal regions diversify from 1988 to 1994 but specialize during the later reform period of 1994–2006. A theory of tariff reductions is proposed by constructing the Dornbusch–Fischer–Samuelson (1977) continuum of goods Ricardian model in a setup of two countries and three regions. The U-shaped pattern of specialization can be obtained from foreign tariff reductions followed by Chinese tariff reductions. This finding is supported by simulations, US–China trade policy review, and the pattern of China’s coast–inland wage ratio.     

Panel asymmetric nonlinear unit root test and PPP in Africa

This study revisits purchasing power parity (PPP) theory for 20 African countries using panel asymmetric nonlinear unit root test proposed by Emirmahmutoglu and Omay (2014), through the sequential panel selection method of Chortareas and Kapetanios (2009). While standard panel unit root tests fail to support the PPP, the empirical results from panel asymmetric nonlinear unit root test do support the PPP. However, additional tests reveal that support in all 20 African countries is mostly due to stationarity of the real effective exchange rates of Ghana and Rwanda where the adjustment process towards equilibrium is nonlinear and asymmetric.     

非标准工作与体面劳动:数据化带来的劳动问题与政府对策

数据化促进了经济发展,也造成了传统雇佣模式的变化.本文以互联网平台为例,从国际视角分析了数据化带来的劳动者权益保障问题,并简要概括了国际劳工组织与发达国家解决这些问题的对策.笔者提出,互联网平台从业者大部分从事的是非标准工作,这类工作存在体面劳动方面的诸多缺陷.笔者认为,在传统雇佣关系发生变化之后,无需再用传统的定义和标准去研讨非标准工作从业者是否具有“雇员”的身份,而应当将这些通过劳动获得报酬的从业者视为“劳动者”.笔者指出,政府应当尽其所能,制定和修改劳动政策,为他们提供底线型的基本保障,帮助他们实现体面劳动.     

Comparative advantage and unemployment

Worker heterogeneity in productivity and labor supply is introduced into a matching model. Workers who earn high wages and work high-hours are identified as those with strong market comparative advantage—high rents from being employed. The model is calibrated to match separation, job finding, and employment in the SIPP data. The model predicts a big drop in employment for workers with weak comparative advantage during recessions. But the data show that workers with strong comparative advantage also display sizable employment fluctuations, implying that aggregate employment fluctuations are not explained by the responses of workers with small rents to employment.     

Technology elasticity and potential on energy saving and emission reduction: evidence from China

This article investigates the elasticity of different technology choices to energy efficiency and chemical oxygen demand/ammonia nitrogen emission reducing efficiency among 38 industries in China from 2008 to 2011. With data envelopment analysis, total-factor productivity growth, the common measure of technical progress, is divided into different parts: technical efficiency relative to the frontier, technology change and scale efficiency, which are regarded as three different choices of technological progress. For various industries, technology elasticity is quite different and the importance of different technical choices is diverse in the improvement of efficiency on energy saving and emission reduction. Policymakers could focus on the elasticity of different technical progress choices in various industries to improve energy and emission reduction efficiency.     

基于蚁群聚类算法的绿色内陆港宏观布局研究

为解决绿色理念指导下的内陆港宏观布局问题,考虑了备选城市的环境友好性对内陆港发展空间持续性的影响,首先分析影响内陆港宏观布局的因素,之后选取具有较强鲁棒性、采用正反馈原理的蚁群聚类方法,从经济发展水平、多式联运能力、政策环境、发展空间持续性等角度,构建绿色内陆港布局模型.最后以天津港为对象的实例分析表明,蚁群聚类模型对于解决环境友好型内陆港布局问题是有效的,结果基本符合实际情况.该研究为构建绿色内陆运输网络、实现绿色物流提供了科学方法.     

企业人力资源管理中的伦理问题及对策

伦理作为一种重要的价值观念和行为规范，英在企业人力资源管理中具有十分重要的意义。从伦理角度看，当前人力资源管理中仍存在不足，需要从建立人本管理的理念入手，在人力资源管理的各项职能工作中践行人文精神和伦理观念。