The impact of earnings pressure on exploratory innovation

While earnings expectation has been shown to determine a firm’s investment decisions, the knowledge about how such expectation influences a firm’s investment horizon for innovation is still blurred. This study therefore addresses this research issue by examining the relationship between earnings pressure and exploratory innovation while investigating the moderating effects of cross‐rival effect and resource availability. By examining high‐tech industrial firms in S&P 1500 from 2000 to 2012, the results indicate that stock analysts, as information intermediaries between innovation firms and the capital market, impose pressure through earnings forecasts on firms’ exploratory innovation. Our findings also reveal that the earnings pressure‐exploratory innovation relationship can be mitigated when its competitors encounter a higher level of earnings pressure. However, a firm’s financial slack shows less significant association to moderate the earnings pressure‐exploratory innovation relationship. Possible explanations for the results in regard to their theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this study.     

A Real Options Model of Real Estate Development with Entitlement Risk

Most development projects encounter a highly uncertain entitlement process that is largely uncontrollable by developers. In this study, entitlement is modeled as a separate stage within a compound real option, where developers begin with minimal control (maximum risk) and each successful stage increases control (decreases risk). We solve the model analytically, provide three‐dimensional numerical comparisons, and empirically test the model's predictions using hand collected rezoning petitions. Our main result refines the classic development option model: developers first invest early (secure entitlements) in order to obtain the option to subsequently delay investment (construct the optimal building at the optimal time).     

技术进步引起国际贸易摩擦的一个模型

保罗·萨缪尔逊在2004年提出的国际贸易模型中,运用数字例子对国际贸易的互利与摩擦问题进行了分析。文章运用一般化的数学方法,扩展了这种研究,在四种和N种商品的贸易模式中,对国际贸易的互利与摩擦问题做了进一步的分析。国际贸易的互利与摩擦依赖于某种技术进步导致的贸易商品数目的变动,并在国际贸易的比较优势的区域内,依据一定的条件形成,并相互转化。     

国际金融危机对主要石油出口国的影响及其对策

主要石油出口国与国际金融市场存在密不可分的联系.石油出口国通过石油出口积累的石油美元,一方面逐步建立起独立自主完整的国民经济体系,另一方面为繁荣国际金融市场和世界经济提供资金支持.国际金融危机对俄罗斯、中东、拉美、非洲等主要石油出口国和地区的经济、财政、对外贸易等产生了重大影响,造成这些国家的货币贬值,石油贸易收入减少,项目投资缩减,经济增长减速.俄罗斯应对金融危机的措施主要包括:救助银行体系,稳定汇率吸引外资,向实体经济投资,以减税、国家贷款援助等方式帮助能源企业缓解资金压力,适度救助股市和楼市等.中东、拉美、非洲地区各产油国除了从金融、外汇、货币政策等方面采取一系列应对措施以外,更多地强调加强地区合作,共同应对危机.主要石油出口国实施的一系列措施,有助于减轻国际金融危机带来的不利影响,对稳定国际金融和世界经济发挥了积极的作用.     

建设和谐社会的文化与伦理思考

社会的和谐是现代化社会的基础,世界各国现代化的实践表明,唯有使文化现代化才能有整个社会的现代化。有中国特色社会主义现代化道路的实践进一步证明了文化、经济与社会发展之间有密切的联系,因为政治、法律制度的完善、经济制度的改革都会直接触及整个社会的一般文化传统和文化背景。     

中国环境政策演变及其对企业环境创新绩效影响的实证研究

本文收集了1978—2007年国家及各部委颁布的2682项环境政策(不包括各省市颁布的地方法规),从中选出与企业环境创新相关性较强的428项政策进行量化分析,定量描述了中国环境政策的演变轨迹。同时,本文将量化的环境政策变量引入柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,探讨了其对企业环境创新绩效的影响。研究发现:政策强度对经济产出绩效和知识产出绩效具有显著的促进作用,对环境绩效中的能源消耗率与工业废水排放率具有明显的抑制作用;不同的行政措施和政策导向度对企业的经济产出绩效和环境产出绩效有不同程度的促进作用。