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61.
The paper examines the use of stated choice experiments (SC) to assess the economic value of alternative rail noise reduction
interventions on the Brennero railway in Italy. The paper formally tests the econometric robustness of the SC estimates under
three payment regimes: (a) a regional tax, where consumers must trade off welfare gains due to noise reduction for part of
their income; (b) a transport tax reallocation scheme, where consumers must trade off a part of the tax payments that are
currently spent on the public transport sector; and (c) an administration tax reallocation scheme, where consumers must trade
off a part of the tax payments that are currently spent on the administration sector. The test results are varied. On the
one hand, the SC estimates are found to be statistically different for the tax reallocation and the tax introduction regimes.
This confirms previous valuation research results, and thus reiterates the hypothesis that states the inequality between marginal
values of private income and public money. On the other hand, the SC estimates are not found to be statistically different
for the two proposed tax reallocation regimes, suggesting that, in the case study investigated here, the marginal value of
public money does not depend upon the budget source. 相似文献
62.
We conduct an extensive Monte Carlo experiment to examine the finite sample properties of maximum‐likelihood‐based inference in the bivariate probit model with an endogenous dummy. We analyse the relative performance of alternative exogeneity tests, the impact of distributional misspecification and the role of exclusion restrictions to achieve parameter identification in practice. The results allow us to infer important guidelines for applied econometric practice. 相似文献
63.
We study trade policy in a two-sector Krugman (1980) trade model, allowing for wage, import and export subsidies/taxes. We study non-cooperative trade policies, first for each individual instrument and then for the situation where all instruments can be set simultaneously, and contrast those with the efficient allocation. We show that in this general context there are four motives for non-cooperative trade policies: the correction of monopolistic distortions; the terms-of-trade manipulation; the delocation motive for protection (home market effect); the fiscal-burden-shifting motive. The Nash equilibrium when all instruments are available is characterized by first-best-level wage subsidies, and inefficient import subsidies and export taxes, which aim at relocating firms to the other economy and improving terms of trade. Thus, the dominating incentives for non-cooperative trade policies are the fiscal-burden-shifting motives and terms-of-trade effects. 相似文献
64.
This paper examines the effects of international trade with the newly industrialized Asian economies on the labor markets of Germany, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. The analysis confirms that, despite the growing importance of this trade, the problems of the European labor market can hardly be explained by the increase in imports of manufactures from the Nies. While job destruction appears completely independent from the trade flows with the emerging Asian economies, the evidence on job creation is less clear cut. In two cases imports appear to have depressed employment dynamics, but in another exports turn out to have stimulated it. The most striking evidence is on sector-specific features and individual characteristics, such as sector of (last) employment, sex and education: these variables appear to be much more important than trade in explaining individuals' positions in the labor market. 相似文献
65.
A multiple factor analysis is developed to assess the differences in the economic performance and employment levels of social cooperatives in three main geographical areas: North, Central and South Italy, between 2008 and 2011. The results showed that despite the global economic and financial meltdown, the social cooperatives in these areas increased their overall turnover and total assets between 2008 and 2011. Furthermore, the employment data showed a positive trend during this period. The analysis also found that the prolonged crisis in 2010 and 2011 affected mainly the southern regions, where conjunctural factors exacerbated long-term structural deficiencies. 相似文献
66.
Over the last decade, independent agencies, institutions and research centres (ISTAT—National Statistic Office, Ministry of
Economic Development, Confcooperative Legacoop, Unioncamere) have provided studies on the evolution of the cooperative movement
in the Third Sector in Italy in order to monitor the development of these organizations over time and to evaluate their economic
and employment impact in the country. Following a similar path, this study analyzes the contribution of social cooperatives
in Italy at a regional level, highlighting the differences related to their longevity and fields of activity. Moreover, the
article evaluates the efficiency and profitability of the social cooperative by adopting principal component analysis to economic
and financial indexes. 相似文献
67.
Using a broad data set of 20 US dollar exchange rates and order flow of institutional investors over 14 years, we construct a measure of global liquidity risk in the foreign exchange (FX) market. Our FX liquidity measure may be seen as the analog of the well-known Pastor–Stambaugh liquidity measure for the US stock market. We show that this measure has reasonable properties, and that there is a strong common component in liquidity across currencies. Finally, we provide evidence that liquidity risk is priced in the cross-section of currency returns, and estimate the liquidity risk premium in the FX market around 4.7 percent per annum. 相似文献
68.
Crespi Francesco Caravella Serenella Menghini Mirko Salvatori Chiara 《Intereconomics》2021,56(6):348-354
Intereconomics - The COVID-19 crisis has revealed the deep technological and production dependencies of the EU on third countries in sectors deemed as particularly strategic and has thus fuelled... 相似文献
69.
70.
Elaborating on the notions that humans possess different modalities of decision-making and that these are often influenced
by moral considerations, we conducted an experimental investigation of the Trolley Problem. We presented the participants
with two standard scenarios (‹lever’ and ‹stranger’) either in the usual or in reversed order. We observe that responses to
the lever scenario, which result from (moral) reasoning, are affected by our manipulation; whereas responses to the stranger
scenario, triggered by moral emotions, are unaffected. Furthermore, when asked to express general moral opinions on the themes
of the Trolley Problem, about half of the participants reveal some inconsistency with the responses they had previously given. 相似文献