审计风险模式的演变及风险导向审计的新发展

随着社会经济的发展和企业经营的复杂化,传统风险导向审计方法已经难以适应社会的需要,现代风险导向审计应运而生。本文从审计风险模式的演变入手,从审计准则和审计实务两个方面介绍了风险导向审计的最新发展,并在此基础上提出对我国的启示和借鉴之处。     

美国独立董事制度研究

独立董事制度是建立科学的治理结构、避免内部人控制、保护中小股东利益的有效手段,在当前我国上市公司及大股东侵害中小股东权益现象较为普遍的背景下,如何合理借鉴美国等独立董事制度先行国家的理论和实践经验来为我所用是一个利泽当今的课题,本文即以美国独立董事制度为鉴,对其兴起的背景、产生的原因、主要制度进行深入分析。独立董事制度产生、发展于美国,早在1940年美国《投资公司法》就规定,投资公司的董事会成员中应有不少于40%的独立人士,但是真正兴起并且构成英美公司治理模式的重要特色则是在20世纪70年代。美国的公众持股公司常…     

日本物流园区规划建设及对我国的启示

日本是物流园区发展较快的国家,同时也是世界上物流发达国家,本文以日本物流园区作为研究对象,通过分析其物流园区实践,从而为探讨我国物流园区发展模式提供思路。     

Home-country government support,the belt and road initiative,and the foreign performance of Chinese state-owned subsidiaries

State-owned (SO) multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies face two contradictory effects on their foreign operations due to their linkage with their home-country governments. Although home governments provide SO MNEs with resources, the affiliation also exposes SO MNEs to the legitimacy challenges in the host countries. Given this theoretical debate, we propose that home government support may facilitate SO MNEs’ post-entry operations in the host markets. Furthermore, because the legitimacy pressures directed at SO MNEs may be contingent on the interstate relations between the host and home governments facilitated by China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the BRI cooperative relations may shift the effect of home government support. Using survey and archival data, we find that home government support has a positive impact on the foreign performance of SO subsidiaries. This effect is weaker in countries that are cooperating with the BRI than in those that are not. Moreover, institutional distance weakens the negative interactive effect between BRI cooperation and home government support on the performance of SO MNEs’ foreign subsidiaries. These findings extend the institutional perspective by highlighting an alternative source of legitimacy for MNEs with distinctive attributes and in various host conditions.

     

科学技术对农民工市民化的影响因素分析

农民工市民化,是指他们在身份上获得城市居民相同的合法身份和社会权利的过程,最明显的标志是获得所在地的城市户口及相应的社会权利。科技进步促进了农民工市民化的进程,但同时科技进步对农民工市民化也提出了挑战,我们必须加快科技进步,促进农民工向市民的尽快转变,找到我国“三农”问题的突破口。     

Optimal research and development and the cost of business cycles

While research and development (R&D) investment has been procyclical in the post-war period, recent literature suggests that the optimal path for R&D is countercyclical, and that the economy would be better off by subsidizing R&D in recessions. The objective of this paper is to analyze the welfare effects of distortions in the intertemporal allocation of R&D resources and to compare diverse policy interventions so as to improve social welfare. To this end, we introduce a calibrated dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with Schumpeterian endogenous growth that is capable of explaining the observed procyclicality of R&D. Our results show that the cost of business cycles is lower in the decentralized economy with procyclical R&D than in the efficient allocation with countercyclical R&D. This is because the suboptimal propagation of shocks in the decentralized equilibrium offsets some of the existing steady-state distortions. In this second-best context, countercyclical R&D subsidies have no positive effect on welfare. In contrast, fiscal policies aimed at restoring the optimal steady-state produce large welfare gains.     

“A profit table or a profit calculator?” A note on the design of Cournot oligopoly experiments

We report on an experiment conducted to evaluate the effects of varying the way in which market information is presented to participants in laboratory Cournot duopolies. We find that the most standard variations, which are the use of a profit table or a profit calculator, yield indistinguishable performance. However, the addition of a best-response option to the profit calculator tends to increase aggregate output to the Cournot level and decrease the incidence of tacit collusion.     

从跨学科的角度谈科学与文学的交融

在历史上科学与文学之间一直缺乏有效的沟通交流,传统观点认为两者相距甚远,不可能存在什么联系。事实上,科学家和文学家在从事创造活动时有着共通的心理基础,科学与文学有着共同的价值追求——美与真。     

实施节能减排的地方政府行为研究

在我国由中央政府主导的节能减排模式下,地方政府的经济行为成为影响节能减排成效的关键因素。本文首先构建了理论模型,然后运用聚类分析法和因子分析法,研究地方政府在实施节能减排中的经济行为。研究表明:地方政府节能减排动力和能力不足。在实施节能减排过程中,地方政府主要将工作重点放在经济发展、工业污染治理项目建设、能源消耗、工业三废的治理等方面,对节能减排的投资力度和影响居民生活的方面重视不够。现行财权事权不对称的财政体制和政绩考核机制是地方政府实施节能减排的主要制度性障碍,因此,要建立节能减排的长效机制,必须进行相应的制度改革。